Questions tagged [window-functions]
In signal processing, a window function is a mathematical function that is zero-valued outside of some chosen interval.
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18 views
How exactly does one apply a Hanning Window for a spectral estimate?
PREAMBLE
I am a graduate student researching evolutionary ecology. My supervisor and I have been trying to learn how to simulate colored noise, discretely, by the $\frac{1}{f^\alpha}$ power law for $\...
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3answers
41 views
How does a rectangular window affect the signal?
If i am not mistaken a rectangular window of length 10 gives us an array of 10x1:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
And if we apply this to a signal we are left with exactly ...
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0answers
7 views
How to relate power spectral density with the number of resource blocks in LTE?
I am running a simulation with 100 Resource blocks for LTE OFDM and I plotted a PSD for it. Now I am able to bring down the out of band emissions when I perform an algorithm on it. Based on the ...
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1answer
92 views
Hanning and Hamming Window
I am new in the field of signal processing. What's the different between Hamming and Hanning window? When we use the former and latter?
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1answer
87 views
Purpose of multiplying fft output by Hann window?
I'm working with some acoustic propagation models at the moment.
A feature I've noticed in 2 of these models is that the output of the model is often multiplied by a Hann window in the frequency ...
5
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1answer
44 views
Amplitude Estimating Using a Windowed DFT
Let's say we want to estimate the amplitude A of a mono-frequent signal using a windowed DFT. The frequency of the signal is unknown, and the frequency resolution of the DFT is limited, thus it cannot ...
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1answer
35 views
Why does shortening window widen its Fourier Transform?
On page 76 of the book Discrete Time Speech Signal Processing by Thomas F.Quatieri, the author states "shortening the window widens its Fourier Transform".
Can anyone explain why?
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0answers
35 views
Attempting to remove the 60Hz frequency out of a noisy ECG signal
load eeg_plus_noise
Fs=200;
Fn=Fs/2;
b = fir1(64,[59.8 60.2]/Fn,'stop');
figure(3)
freqz(b,1,512,Fs);
y = filter(b,1,eeg_plus_noise);
I am then using the ...
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0answers
35 views
Windowing in frequency domain. how to cut a spectrum using window function in frequency domain?
I have a set of measurement data of a FMCW radar and trying to estimate the system transfer function. In the frequency spectrum, I can see multiple peaks due to the non-linearity that exist in the ...
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1answer
36 views
Quantized error in scatter plots for a hamming windowed LTE signal
I have a time domain signal based on LTE standards.
Carrier spacing = 15KHz, Symbols per slot = 6, extended Cyclic Prefix = 512 samples
FFT size = 2048, No. of sub carriers = 1200, channel BW = 20MHz, ...
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2answers
45 views
What version of sinc function to use ? (With additional factor of $\pi$ or not.)
I have an exam tomorrow on Signal Processing and one of the questions can go two ways:
Use a Hamming window to design an Nth
th order (N+1 tap) band pass FIR filter with a pass-band
between $f_0$-$...
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1answer
41 views
I have the scatter plots for a Hamm and Tukey(0.25) windowed data. The complex data plotted from Hamm windowed forms a pattern, why?
The Hamm windowed complex data forms some sort of a quantized pattern whereas in the same code if tukeywin(0.25) is applied normal noise is observed. Any idea why ?
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1answer
28 views
How to window a time domain signal for 6 symbols with cyclic prefix length of 512 samples?
Based on LTE stds. I am running a simulation for 6 symbols (each having 1200 central subcarriers) each in a 2048 FFT/IFFT bin. To these symbols are appended 512 samples as cyclic prefixes. I have to ...
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1answer
25 views
Applying window function to reduce out of band emission for a symbol in LTE simulation?
I have to apply a window to an IFFT'ed signal (based on LTE standards, simulated for 1 symbol - 100 resource blocks - 1200 subcarriers). I have a signal which I have simulated till the IFFT. Now I ...
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1answer
97 views
Overlap/add time-domain audio frames: How does normalization/scaling work with overlap greater than 50%?
I am attempting to overlap-add time-domain audio frames in a real-time context (with a continuous stream of data coming-in). Each frames consist of 1024 samples and have been previously "Hann" ...
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0answers
42 views
Frequency bins too powerful at the start and at the end of each sample computed DFT data
I've taken the following link http://coding-geek.com/how-shazam-works/#comments as a project to start practising and learning signal processing and python programming for me to get started in speech ...
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1answer
118 views
Modified Periodogram function in MATLAB
Given below is a function written in MATLAB for computing the modified periodogram, taken from Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling
...
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2answers
65 views
Attenuate frequency bin in FFT array resulting in artifacts [duplicate]
Am trying to remove noise for certain frequency bands by attenuating freqeuncy bins in the FFT array. However this results in artifacts to be formed, where there are clicking sounds in between each ...
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2answers
112 views
Window length in matplotlib's specgram
In the paper about speaker verification I can read that
Two quantities have
to be set: the length of the window and the shift between two
consecutive windows. For the length of the window, two ...
1
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1answer
408 views
Seven term Blackman Harris window
I am currently trying to evaluate a high resolution ADC for which I need to window my output data for the FFT. Up until now I have been using the default 4 term Blackman harris window in MATLAB. ...
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3answers
90 views
how could window function really suppress those frequencies that we don't want?
I know we can use window function to decrease leakage phenomenon by making the end of a non-periodic signal to be zero at both end, so that to make it like "continuous and periodic" when doing fft.
...
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2answers
251 views
Linear Convolution in DSP and Hann window
My understanding is that when dealing with discrete finite sequences, convolution done thru FFT is circular. To obtain linear convolution, one would pad the input with zeros up some appropriate length....
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0answers
31 views
How to extract desired frequencies from a spectrum using e.g. a Parzen window?
Disclaimer: I am a geophysicist working with time-domain data which needs to be converted to the frequency domain evaluated at a specific set of logarithmically-spaced frequencies. The textbooks I am ...
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1answer
1k views
How to calculate the power of a discrete signal? / Clarification on PSD estimates
I want to calculate the channel power $ P_\mathrm{x}$ of a given discrete and complex signal $x[n]$ (with a length of N) in a given bandwidth $B$.
I'm aware, that I could probably apply a sharp ...
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0answers
199 views
Edge effects in cross-correlation
This is a follow-up of this question.
The problem explained in the linked question has been in part solved by the mean of a windowing function. But my cross-corrleation still exhibits strong edge-...
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1answer
217 views
Windowing a signal for FFT
I am actually working on a project involving the cross-correlation of two signals. My cross-correlation code is working fine, but I suspect that I should apply a window to my data set in order to ...
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1answer
64 views
Difference between applying a window to a whole signal and frames.
I'm going to do feature extraction using a speech signal.
The first step is the windowing of the signal using Hamming window.
I'd like to know if I should apply one single window to the whole ...
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1answer
216 views
Apply windowing before FFT or after?
I am computing a spectrogram and I've found a code example online which goes like this:
...
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1answer
59 views
Why is the raised cosine pulse for digital communications so popular?
The raised cosine pulse is essentially a windowed sinc function, designed with some roll-off in mind. Why do we use this particular window, as opposed to other windows such as Hann, Hamming, Kaiser, ...
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1answer
697 views
Why square-root of Hanning Window
I just studied an implementation (Matlab) of a windowed FFT and saw the following line of code:
w = sqrt(hann(fft_length, 'periodic'))
and later:
...
0
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1answer
62 views
Getting a weired behavior when windowing an audio signal
I am processing audio signals using Essentia, an open-source library and tools for audio and music analysis, description and synthesis.
Here is a waveform corresponding to a frame extracted from an ...
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5answers
693 views
Does windowing affect Parseval's theorem?
I have computed Fourier transform from ecg data.It does obey Parseval's theorem,
relation
$$\sum_{n=0}^{N-1} \Big| x[n] \Big|^2 = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{k=0}^{N-1} \Big| X[k] \Big|^2$$
is fulfiled. ...
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1answer
419 views
Probability of False Alarm versus SNR
I'm currently testing the performance of an energy detector using two tests. One test involves finding the optimal threshold to achieve a probability of detection(Pd) of 0.9 and a probability of false ...
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3answers
2k views
Window period(overlap) and FFT
How does changing the window period (i.e the number of points overlap between two frames) affect the FFT results ?
Suppose that a time series signal was converted to frequency domain by FFT with ...
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1answer
211 views
fft - spectral leakage from noise into target frequency?
I have an acoustic setup. A sender, emitting a clean sine signal. The receiver is far away. In the time domain, the sine is hardly visible because the noise is nearly as big as the signal. In the ...
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1answer
80 views
Should I use window or any filtering to average my data?
I have 80 seconds of data and I have to score my data by taking the average or median (or some other method) every 10 seconds. What's the best way to do this ? Should I just use a regular rectangular ...
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1answer
805 views
Hamming Window, python 2.7 [closed]
Hi I have a FFT which is quite noisy. How to apply to my code Hamming window to make it less noisy. Look at my code:
...
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2answers
195 views
Windowed Fourier Transform
I need some help with applying the properties of Fourier Transform.
We define the windowed Fourier Transform of $f \in L^2(R)$ as
$$Sf(\mu,\xi)=\int_\mathbb{R}f(t)g(t-\mu)e^{-i\xi t}dt$$
Prove ...
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1answer
273 views
When does a Window function's sidelobe level become out of band attenuation?
Another question I'm struggling to answer by myself.
For a Window function, say Blackman (response pictured), what is the out of band attenuation? If I'm designing a filter with out of band ...
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1answer
45 views
Should zero element be considered to calculate mean when smoothing spectrogram by window?
My (mass spectrometry) spectrogram does not measure the intensity constantly. I obtain the spectrogram, for example,
...
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0answers
203 views
What is the algorithmic latency of STFT processing?
I was reading this paper, and in section 3 I got a bit confused. It claims that the algorithmic latency is equal to synthesis frame length. If the overlap between two consecutive frames is 50%, the ...
3
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1answer
96 views
The higher the sidelobes of a signal frequency spectrum, the greater the “cross-talk” between transmission channels
Why is that 'The higher the sidelobes, the greater the "cross-talk" between channels' when transmitting signals via hardware electronics?
where,
Cross-talk: a signal transmitted on one circuit or ...
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0answers
175 views
Auto correlation properties of window functions in pulse compression application
It is known that different window functions perform differently and users pick a window function (in amplitude modulation) based on their application or requirement.
I am trying to pick a window ...
2
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1answer
809 views
How is a signal multiplied with the window functions?
How the input signal get multiplied with the window functions like Hamming, Hanning, Blackman, etc?
I have tried to multiply the input signal of $10\textrm{ MHz}$ sampled at $100\textrm{ MHz}$ using ...
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1answer
53 views
Proving Convergence of a limit related to Cross-Spectrum Estimation
Proving asymptotic covariance of Cross-Spectrum Estimation I came across this mathematical problem:
Consider two constants $M,L$ such that $M\to \infty, L \to \infty \hbox{ and } \frac{L}{M} \to 0$, ...
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1answer
945 views
Inverse the Hanning Window [closed]
I am using the following formula to calculate the Hann values for a set of points:
$$
w(n)=0.5\left(1-\cos\left(2\pi \frac nN\right)\right)
$$
To implement this in java, I am using the following code:...
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2answers
155 views
Zero padding - High amplitude
I have a set of 512 samples that I have collected with a sensor. I'd like to apply zero padding to it, for better frequency bin resolution. However, all the tutorials I see to make this occur center ...
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0answers
35 views
Multitapering in time domain to obtain smoother filtered signals?
Suppose we want to approximate the instantaneous power $z(n) = |y(n)|^2$ of the discrete-time signal $y(n)$, where $y(n)$ is the result of filtering $x(n)$ with a given window $h(n)$, $y(n) = x(n) \...
2
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1answer
93 views
Multi-taper Coherence, With Tapers=1
I had a question regarding multi-taper estimated coherence. It appears when the number of tapers is set to 1, all coherency values, per frequency, are always 1. It's obvious solving for autospectra $...
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0answers
2k views
FIR filter design in matlab using Kaiser window (using 'fir1' and 'designfilt')
Here are the specs for FIR filter using Kaiser window.
...
