Questions tagged [sampling]
In signal processing, sampling is the reduction of a continuous-domain signal to a discrete-domain signal.
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Zone Plate Reconstruction
I am trying to reconstruct the Zone Plate image and am struggling to remove the last remaining aliasing.
ShaderToy: https://www.shadertoy.com/view/wdGGWK
In the shader above you can see that I am ...
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2answers
29 views
Passing a sampled signal through a filter
I was wondering why is it wrong to use a band-pass filter on a sampled signal?
If the signal we want to sample has frequencies up to fmax, we sample it with frequency fs = 2fmax (so that Nyquist ...
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Derivation of Nyquist Frequency and Sampling Theorem
I have been looking through different sites and questions over the internet about Sampling theory, but couldn’t find the clear definition of how nyquist frequency condition is derived? It would be ...
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1answer
25 views
Inverse Fourier Transform Dirac impulse with scaled argument
Currently, I am dealing with the sampling problems and I don't understand how to calculate inverse Fourier transform of a scaling impulse function
$\textrm{IFT}\{\delta(\Omega T)\} = ?$, $T$ is ...
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0answers
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Problem with 1st order PLL update equation
The output of a communication channel is given by:
$x(t) = \sum_n{a_n}h(t-nT)$,
where $\{a_n\}$ are BPSK symbols, $h(t)$ is the channel response, and $T$ is the symbol period. If there is an ...
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47 views
A Different Reconstruction Operation
I want to understand what is happening in below operation:
Here, x(nT) is sampled signal (say oversampled) and h(t) is its ideal reconstruction filter. As highlighted in the expression, amount of ...
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1answer
37 views
Conclusions of sampling around Nyquist Rate
I'm trying to understand some results of playing around with sampling around a signal's Nyquist sampling rate. For my example, I'm sampling a $B=5\mathrm{Hz}$ wave over a 1 second period.
In the ...
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1answer
43 views
Representing a continuous LTI system as a discrete one
I am aware that there are different ways to represent a continuous time system in discrete domain (e.g. bilinear transform, impulse invariance transform).
But my problem is as follows: Given an ...
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1answer
52 views
Sample Rate & Highest Frequency
Would I be right in saying that if a signal was sampled every 0.2ms, when converting it to digital. The sampling rate would be 5000(Hz)?
How would I go about working out the highest frequency it ...
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2answers
65 views
Proof regarding the periodicity of a continuous-time sinusoid after sampling
Question
A continuous-time sinusoid $x_a(t)$ with fundamental period $T_p = \frac{1}{F_0}$ is sampled at a rate $F_s = \frac 1 T$ to produce a discrete-time sinusoid $x(n) = x_a(nT)$.
Show that $x(n)$...
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1answer
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Kalman Filter - How to combine data from sensors with different measurement rates?
I'm trying to implement a Kalman filter for tracking the position of a vehicle with the help of position data from GPS and Odometry measurements. The GPS data (WGS84 format collected from an app on an ...
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2answers
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Minimum sample frequency of IMU accelerometer and gyroscope
I was wondering how I would justify a sampling rate of 125 Hz for accelerometer and gyroscope data from wearable sensors. This is a rate used in a lot of biomechanics literature, but I can't seem to ...
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59 views
Why does my sinusoid look “AM” in shape?
My code is :
Fs=200e6;
Ts=1/Fs;
NFFT=2^14;
Runtime=(NFFT-1)*Ts;
t=0:Ts:Runtime;
f_in=90*1e6;
y_in=sin(2*pi *f_in *t);
plot(t,y_in)
ylim([-1.5 1.5])
Then why does ...
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4answers
658 views
Is Fourier series a sampled version of Fourier transform?
I recently learned about dtft and how dft/dfs is the sampled version of dtft. I was wondering if Fourier series is also obtainable by sampling Fourier transform? I am a noob in the subject so sorry if ...
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1answer
45 views
Better understanding of downsampling (decimation) and upsampling (interpolation)
Although some questions were asked about this topic, I have not seen any that answers all the basic questions, that is why I took the liberty to ask more about this.
I suggest to limit, (or at lest ...
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2answers
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How would you interpret the pattern in this picture? (generated by re-sorting pixels based on their RGB value)
Was playing with some pictures and ran the ruby code below. The code reads an input image using the ImageMagick library, gets an array of pixels, re-sorts the pixels and then writes out an image with ...
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2answers
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Understanding Pitch Detection with Autocorrelation Methods
I've been reading through A Smarter Way to Find Pitch, describing its pitch detection algorithm using autocorrelation.
I've been having trouble understanding the accuracy claims. It says:
MPM runs ...
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3answers
61 views
Analyzing a signal that contains frequency content at Fs/2 doesn't seem to work unless there is a phase shift
I am trying to write a basic program that samples a 4 kHz sinewave at a sampling rate of 8 kHz and takes the FFT of the signal and plots it.
From everything I have read, as long as the signal you are ...
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1answer
73 views
Low-Pass Filtering of not evenly sampled signal
I have a signal sampled unevenly over 1 million ns.
the signal is sampled over 1GHZ clock and the samples are as the following:
0-100 ns - sample every 1 ns.
100-1000 ns - sample every 10 ns.
1000-...
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0answers
35 views
Cascading filters at different sampling rates
We are currently designing a type 2 compensator $G_1$ (1 pole at the origin, 1 zero and 1 pole) to stabilize a power factor correction (PFC) circuitry. The crossover frequency is low - 2-3 Hz - and ...
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1answer
39 views
Multiband undersampling
In Practical Signal Processing (Marc Owen), an exercise explore the topic of undersampling:
[...] Suppose you know that an audio signal is a sine wave with a frequency that might be in one of two ...
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1answer
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Model-based Kalman filtering a noisy signal
In a healthcare application, I need to calculate urine flow by differentiating the mass of urine emitted by a person over time. The measuring instrument consists of a load-cell under a fluid container,...
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0answers
53 views
Understanding Upsampling Filter in Laplacian Pyramid
For the construction of a laplacian pyramid, images are downscaled and then upscaled again. My question is what is a wise decision of the kernel mask for the upscaling task ?
In more detail, lets say ...
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1answer
24 views
Sampled AC Voltage measurement
I want to implement a AC Voltage measurement function for a DMM. That DMM can sample up to 1,000,000 Samples/s.
With the sampling function I wanted to sample an input sigal (e.g. sine signal) and ...
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3answers
115 views
Should I sample at twice the bandwidth or twice the highest frequency?
I am confused about what rate I should sample at. I've heard 2 different ways:
1) Sample at twice the highest frequency
2) Sample at twice the bandwidth
If I have a signal composed of just cosine, ...
4
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3answers
389 views
Absolute convergence of periodic sinc interpolation
An $N$-periodic complex discrete-time sequence $[x_0, \dots, x_{N-1}]$ can be resampled to an $M$-periodic sequence $[y_0, \dots, y_{M-1}]$ with $M>N$, using sinc interpolation:
$$\begin{align}y_m ...
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1answer
77 views
Why does downsampling stretch a signals frequency response and upsampling shrink and create images of a signals frequency response?
I am learning some basic DSP and I have a pretty good intuition as to why sampling creates spectral images of the frequency response at intervals of the sampling frequency (convolution with pulse ...
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1answer
38 views
Phase measurement with FFT for DMM Keithley 7510
I am currenly working on a measurement driver for the DMM Keithley 7510. I implemented a harmonics measurement using FFT (from MathNet library).
First I simply sample my input voltage signal and ...
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1answer
84 views
Real signal from I,Q, sample rate and center frequency
I am given a recording of an ionosonde sounding. The signal $S$ is represented as a series of I/Q pairs at a sample rate $F_{sr} = 10\,\text{MHz}$. I am told that the center frequency of the ...
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1answer
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What happens when the frequencies of the signal does not lie within the reconstruction filter passband?
Assume we have an analog signal that has frequency components between 40Hz and 50Hz and 0 otherwise. If we sampled this signal with 100Hz sampling frequency then passed to DAC with the same sampling ...
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Discrete Frequency Equation and Relation
I think I am looking at conflicting equations from a few sources, or maybe I just dont understand it.
$ \Omega $ is Discrete frequency
$ N $ is Discrete Period in number of samples
$ \omega $ is ...
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1answer
79 views
Bandpass filter with very high sampling rate
Consider a bandpass filter with Low Cut 17Hz, High Cut 22 Hz, Fs = 45000 Hz and Order = 6. When I pass a mixture of multiple sinusoidal waves through this filter (with a sine wave of frequency 20 Hz), ...
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1answer
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Calculate aliasing of $x_a(t) = \cos{(2\pi300t)} + \cos(2\pi600t)$ when sampled with $F_s = 1000$
I'm asked to sample the signal
$$x_a(t) = \cos{(2\pi300t)} + \cos(2\pi600t)$$
with sampling frequency $F_s = 1000$ and plot the magnitude spectrum for the resulting sampled signal.
My thinking is ...
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2answers
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DFT: a function of $n$?
I‘m a high school student and I haven’t studied physics or anything.
Why does the DFT depend on an integer, say $k$ or $n$ (it’s usually expressed like $F(n)=...$ or $F(k)$ or $F_k$, etc.) if it is ...
2
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2answers
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In the Sampling Theorem, why are the image frequencies at n*fc not a problem?
In this example I have been working through, we first look at the situation when fs > 2fc and then the situation when it isn't:
In the example, the frequency responses of a sampled sinusoid at fc = 5 ...
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Frequency selective channel modeling using rayleighchan object in matlab
I intend to model a frequency selective channel using matlab "comm.RayleighChannel" object. Consider the following command, which sets the parameters of Rayleigh channel :
...
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1answer
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What does a fractional frequency (for discrete-time signals) mean/how to interpret it? [closed]
This question has bugged me for a while as it's not addressed in any books I've read. I was wondering how folks from this community interpreted it. Below are my personal notes on the matter (please ...
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1answer
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Why doesn't sampling a periodic continuous-time signal yield a periodic discrete-time signal?
I have been studying signals and systems lately and I have came across the following claim:
The uniform sampling of a periodic continuous-time signal may not be periodic!
Can someone please ...
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1answer
48 views
Conversion from continuous to sampled signal?
I am bit confused regarding sampling as i read different types of statements in different texts
Forexample i have a continous time signal $x=sin(t)$ defined for $t=0:10$
and i want to sample it with ...
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1answer
123 views
Not sure how to perform ZOH upsampling
Sorry if the question looks pretty naive. My goal is to up-sample a given signal x[n] by a factor of M using the zero order hold interpolation function.
The basic idea of up-sampling is to add M-1 ...
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1answer
91 views
How can an SDR recover a high-frequency signal?
How can software-defined radios operate at high frequency?
The Nyquist rate dictates that you need to sample at twice the frequency to fully recover the signal. If my signal of interest is modulated ...
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1answer
100 views
When Two Sampled Sinusoidal Are Orthogonal?
If two analog sinusoidal are orthogonal with duration T, their minimum frequency difference should be 1/2T in case of no phase offset between them.
And if there is phase offset, the difference is 1/...
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1answer
38 views
Usefulness of Matched $z$ transform Method
I'm aware that the matched $z$ transform method maps between the continuous $s$ plane and the discrete/digital $z$ plane but my question is - when would this be necessary? Why would we need to convert ...
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barker sequence in signal processing
In our class test we were given a signal with barker sequence and a 10101010... sequence ahead of that and were asked it's importance. So what is the significance of that 10101... sequence?
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Periodic non-uniform sampling - effective bandwidth to select correct anti-aliasing filter
What is the effective bandwidth of sampling at a rate $f_s$ for a burst of $N$ samples, where the bursts are triggered at rate $f_B$?
For example, say $f_s \approx$ 10 kHz, $N \approx$ 1000 and $f_B \...
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1answer
58 views
Fourier transform of dirac comb with function: The scaling factor
Multiplication in the time domain corresponds to convolution in the frequency domain:
$$
f(t) \cdot x(t) \iff F(j \omega) * X( j \omega) \tag*{No scaling factor}
$$
I know the fourier transform of ...
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1answer
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Question about sampling
Is it possible to represent an aperiodic signal using an array of N samples?
I am confused about this because you obviously have to window a function in the time domain to sample it.
Now what ...
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0answers
81 views
Sampling Theorem for images
A medical Image has a size of 8x8 inches. The sampling resolution is 5 cycles/mm. How many pixels are
required? Will an image of size 256x256 be enough?
I know sampling in 1D signal but cannot get ...
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0answers
45 views
Practical Signal Processing by Mark Owen Exercise 2.1. and 2.2
The following exercises don't have answers in Practical Signal Processing by Mark Owen. What is the author looking for here? A mathematical proof?
2.1 A cosine wave of frequency f is sampled at $t = ...
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1answer
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Ideal sampling - question about the 1/T scaling factor
Sources discussing spectrum of sampled signals (under 'hypothetical' IDEAL SAMPLING condition) show that the original message spectrum gets replicated at integer multiples of the sampling frequency.
...
