Questions tagged [sampling]
In signal processing, sampling is the reduction of a continuous-domain signal to a discrete-domain signal.
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Conversion from continuous to sampled signal?
I am bit confused regarding sampling as i read different types of statements in different texts
Forexample i have a continous time signal $x=sin(t)$ defined for $t=0:10$
and i want to sample it with ...
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1answer
26 views
Not sure how to perform ZOH upsampling
Sorry if the question looks pretty naive. My goal is to up-sample a given signal x[n] by a factor of M using the zero order hold interpolation function.
The basic idea of up-sampling is to add M-1 ...
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How to sample the received signal @ the receiver for higher frequencies?
I am trying to convert a band pass signal into complex base band. The frequency is in LTE range. At the receiver, one doesn't know which frequency is coming in, I need to know how to find it out?
In ...
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59 views
How can an SDR recover a high-frequency signal?
How can software-defined radios operate at high frequency?
The Nyquist rate dictates that you need to sample at twice the frequency to fully recover the signal. If my signal of interest is modulated ...
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1answer
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When Two Sampled Sinusoidal Are Orthogonal?
If two analog sinusoidal are orthogonal with duration T, their minimum frequency difference should be 1/2T in case of no phase offset between them.
And if there is phase offset, the difference is 1/...
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Usefulness of Matched $z$ transform Method
I'm aware that the matched $z$ transform method maps between the continuous $s$ plane and the discrete/digital $z$ plane but my question is - when would this be necessary? Why would we need to convert ...
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barker sequence in signal processing
In our class test we were given a signal with barker sequence and a 10101010... sequence ahead of that and were asked it's importance. So what is the significance of that 10101... sequence?
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Periodic non-uniform sampling - effective bandwidth to select correct anti-aliasing filter
What is the effective bandwidth of sampling at a rate $f_s$ for a burst of $N$ samples, where the bursts are triggered at rate $f_B$?
For example, say $f_s \approx$ 10 kHz, $N \approx$ 1000 and $f_B \...
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38 views
Fourier transform of dirac comb with function: The scaling factor
Multiplication in the time domain corresponds to convolution in the frequency domain:
$$
f(t) \cdot x(t) \iff F(j \omega) * X( j \omega) \tag*{No scaling factor}
$$
I know the fourier transform of ...
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Question about sampling
Is it possible to represent an aperiodic signal using an array of N samples?
I am confused about this because you obviously have to window a function in the time domain to sample it.
Now what ...
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Sampling Theorem for images
A medical Image has a size of 8x8 inches. The sampling resolution is 5 cycles/mm. How many pixels are
required? Will an image of size 256x256 be enough?
I know sampling in 1D signal but cannot get ...
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Practical Signal Processing by Mark Owen Exercise 2.1. and 2.2
The following exercises don't have answers in Practical Signal Processing by Mark Owen. What is the author looking for here? A mathematical proof?
2.1 A cosine wave of frequency f is sampled at $t = ...
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Ideal sampling - question about the 1/T scaling factor
Sources discussing spectrum of sampled signals (under 'hypothetical' IDEAL SAMPLING condition) show that the original message spectrum gets replicated at integer multiples of the sampling frequency.
...
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Continuous-time RNN and Shannon sampling theorem
The most-used discrete-time RNN equations used in Deep Learning these days are those of Elman:
I have seen two very different continuous-time version of these, with different justifications. The most ...
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2answers
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Question About Sampling White Noise
Assuming that we have a continuous signal $v(t)$
$$v(t) = \int_0^t g(u)\, \mathrm du\tag1$$
where $g(t)$ is white noise.Then take the derivative of it.
$$\frac{\mathrm d}{\,\mathrm dt} v(t) = g(t)\...
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Getting SNR of reconstructed signal in MATLAB
I am trying to run code to compare the efficiency of various basic sampling methods such as ideal sampling, natural sampling and so on. I want to then use average power to see how accurate the ...
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Determining timing error for sampling
I am writing a small program for sampling a series of sensors on an Arduino. The sampling process is not 100% perfect, depending on how many sensors I am reading, the actual difference between two ...
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What's the advantage/disadvantage of oversampling followed by decimation, verses sampling at the correct rate to begin with?
I read somewhere that oversampling somehow reduces sampling noise? How to quantify the reduction in noise? and why would it reduce noise if you are decimating the oversampled signal. What's the ...
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Range of updated/new time axis after upsampling? [closed]
I am reading the book "Signals and systems laboratory with MATLAB" by Alex Palamides and I am reading system properties on pg 154 of the book but I am confused about an example shown in attached photo....
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relation between Nyquist sampling theory and regression
Regression is mainly about estimating a function when only a finite number of samples of the function are available. Theories usually care about asymptotic performance as the number of samples tends ...
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567 views
Compress a signal by storing signal diff instead of actual samples - is there such a thing?
I am working with EMG signals sampled at 2kHz and 16 bits, and noticed that they "look smooth", that is, the signals are differentiable, and if I apply a "diff" function (...
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2answers
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What exactly is captured in a Sample of the Nyquist-Theorem variety?
I'm new to DSP and was thinking of sampling in the traditional music creation way, in that you capture a sound and play it back, warp it, etc., but when I thought about the Nyquist theorem, I realized ...
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Intuitively, why is the comb function the sampling function?
The comb function can be used to sample a continuous signal. The comb function is defined as follows
$$
C_T(t) = \sum_{k=-\infty}^{\infty} \delta(t - kT)
$$
where $\delta$ is the Dirac function, ...
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1answer
73 views
Understading sampling theorem and aliasing
A real-valued analog signal with a flat spectrum between f = 0 Hz, and fmax is sampled at a sampling frequency fs = 24 kHz. The sampled signal is then processed with an ideal lowpass filter with ...
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2answers
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Ideal sampling using sinc funcion
Let $ x(t) $ be a bandwidth limited signal such as $ \forall |\omega|>\frac{\pi}{T} : X^F(\omega)=0 $ while $ X^F(\omega)$ is the signal's Fourier Transform.
Let us denote $y[n]=\int_{-\infty}^{\...
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2answers
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What Does 'Zero Order Hold' and 'First Order Hold' Mean?
While studying the Image Magnification in spatial domain, I have come across this definition of Image Magnification by Replication:
Replication is a zero order hold where each pixel along a scan ...
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2answers
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Alignment of 2 Set of Samples from Different Sensors
If we measure the heart rate of a subject with two different devices, which have big different sampling rates then how we can compare their outcomes. For instance, one of the devices has the sampling ...
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3answers
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Precise 5th and 7th harmonics of a sampled sine wave
Does anyone know in decibels (to 1/100th of a dB) what the theoretical 3rd, 5th and 7th harmonic of a 0dB fs 24-bit (i.e. full-level; 0dB = -8,388,607 to 8,388,607) sampled sine wave without dither ...
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2answers
62 views
Multiple different length Windows for high resolution realtime FFT
I am looking at trying to achieve a 'realtime' (as quick as possible to acquire, process and present data) FFT application to analyse audio.
I have setup my app to acquire a set of samples, apply a ...
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2answers
59 views
Periodicity of sum of discrete signals
In my lecture slides for school and from this website here
"The sum $z[n] = x[n] + y[n]$ of periodic signals $x[n]$ with fundamental period $N1$, and $y[n]$ with fundamental period $N2$ is periodic ...
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histogram bin size vs. data sampling rate
I have a set of numerical signals that give me a set of zeros calculated based on some numerical procedure. I make a histogram of those zeros.
Here, a following problem arises:
If the histogram ...
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2answers
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How to select the sampling frequency when the input signal frequency is not known
I am trying to observe the noise produced by UPS present in our lab, under no load (a normal running condition when its power is on). As I don't know its frequency range, I have randomly chosen 4 ...
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Relationship between the autocorrelations of X(t) and X(nt)
Defining:
$X(t)$ WSS random process with autocorrelation function $R_{X}(\tau) = \mathbb{E}[X(t)X(t+\tau)]$.
$Y[n] = X(nT)$ (sampling of $X$ at a rate $\frac1T$) with autocorrelation function $R_Y(\...
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Looking for a analytical formula to compute the central frequency of a signal analyzed by a discrete wavelet at a given scale
I am reading this paper by Han et al. (2014). In this article, the authors extract detailed information from geomagnetic data sampled at 1Hz using a daubechies 5 (db5) wavelet: they reconstruct the ...
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1answer
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Amplitude Response at greater than half the sampling frequency
I am hoping to clear up some confusion I have. In a lab I am taking, we analyzed the amplitude response of a simple system. We found that as we increased the input signal frequency to greater than ...
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Minimum sample frequency that allows reconstruction of information signal but VIOLATES Nyquist?
Say in the frequency spectrum, you have an information signal between (-100, 100) Hz, and a noise signal between (-700, -500) and between (500, 700) Hz. What is the minimum possible sample frequency ...
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Nyquist frequency , sampling distance
I have few questions I tried to solve regarding nyquist theorem, and I would like to see your opinion if I'm doing it correctly?(one I know the answer second one not sure).
1.Let $f(x)$ and $g(x)$ be ...
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2answers
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Nyquist sampling
I know that if $f_\mathrm{m}$ is the "Nyquist frequency" (max frequency) and $f_\mathrm{s}$ sampling rate then $f_\mathrm{s}>2f_\mathrm{m}$.
Am I correct so far?
I have a signal $x(t)$ with max ...
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What is wrong with my PSD computation?
I'm trying to calibrate the RX of my SDR Board to become a measuring receiver. I.e, by connecting it to a known source of power (in my case, a frequency generator), at a fixed frequency, I'm trying to ...
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1answer
91 views
Definition of DSP Terms
can someone define/explain briefly (or with some detail-> up to you) the following terms:
Block Processing? and what are the differences between it and Sample Processing?
(removed)
What is a 3D ...
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1answer
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Sampling Frequency and Spectral Regrowth
Sampling a cosine wave of 10 Hz at Fs = 64 and number of samples Ns = 256
I setup my time vector for the cosine wave as n=(0:Ns-1)*(1/Fs)
If I change the sampling frequency from 64 to 64.0005 I get ...
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Why is my resampled signal cutoff when resampling with a windowed FIR filter in MATLAB?
I have an exercise to write a function which upsamples or downsamples a signal by a factor of F (integer) using a FIR filter windowed with a Kaiser window function. Exercise I had last week included ...
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59 views
How to obtain the steady state response of the sampled periodic signal data?
Below the green plot Vin is 5Hz sine voltage signal from a function generator output sampled at 12kHz sampling rate:
The blue plot Vout is the processed/filtered data by using the following code in ...
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2answers
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Frequency Resolution Problem
Im trying to tackle the following problem while still not having a firm idea on what "frequency resolution" means :
Suppose we sample a continuous time signal with sampling period Ts = 1/2000, and ...
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1answer
48 views
Sample-rate, filtering, digital-filtering and aliasing
I am strugling with a question that I hope someone can help me with.
I am recording single molecule events which I detect is picoampere square deflections.
I wish to use as gentle low-pass bessel ...
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1answer
40 views
Nyquist Rate (Sampling Frequency) for $ {f}^{2} \left( x, y \right) $
We are given that $f(x,y)$ is highest frequency is $\omega$ what will be the frequency sample rate if we want to restore the function of the form $g(x,y)=f^2(x,y)$
Would it be correct to say that ...
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1answer
144 views
Calculate bandwidth of a signal for Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem
I have to calculate the minimum sampling frequency for the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem which is Fc > 2*B, where B is the signal bandwidth.
I have this signals: $\text{sinc}^5(t/2 - 4)$ and $\...
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1answer
25 views
What's wrong with this Whittaker-Shannon-Kotel’nikov interpolation implementation?
I tried to implement Whittaker-Shannon-Kotel’nikov interpolation formula but I get unexpected results: the reconstructed signal lags with respect to the original.
I know that I can not expect a ...
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1answer
48 views
Sampling - Higher order harmonics
I have been studying about the sampling theorem and it seems that even though we sample at a frequency with the nyquist criterion, the harmonics (due to sampling process) remain within the nyquist ...
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1answer
167 views
What is the relationship between angular frequency and normalized angular frequency
This is a slide from my lecture notes:
My professor used the following words " We denote digital frequencies with capital letters and analogue frequencies with lower case letters"
The problem I have ...
