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3 votes
Accepted

Difference between slow, medium, fast AGC

I don't believe there is much more to it than that, especially noting that you are aware not to track so fast that you track out amplitude information for modulated signals where the amplitude is used …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
2 votes

How a diode-detector affects to Frequency Response?

To add a simple explanation before reading the good details Tim has provided: It’s quite simple: if the diode only passes the positive half of the signal and blocks the negative we end up with a DC of …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
6 votes
Accepted

Building a data acquisition system to capture raw IQ data

As a front-end radio designer with experience in the microwave frequency ranges, I concur with the advice to just buy a solution such as the ADALM-PLUTO SDR Learning Module. … involved: http://www.arrl.org/news/the-2022-arrl-handbook-for-radio-communications-is-now-available …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
3 votes

Why is GPS 1575 MHz?

The technical decision was to use L-Band which extends from 1-2 GHz. The specific frequencies to use within L-Band depended on political decisions including existing allocations and users of those fre …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
0 votes

how to eliminate interference in the same center frequency

As long as the post processing delay is acceptable another potential option is to puncture in time or puncture in frequency depending on the nature of the interference and your ability to detect it. I …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
2 votes
Accepted

Simulating RF interference (noise) to captured RF signals

Given the prevalence of "Zero-IF" direct sampling architectures for software radio, it is also now important to include what I would refer to as an "IP2" test, or testing against sensitivity to 2nd order …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
0 votes
Accepted

How to remove phase shift for a baseband signal given an estimated CFO (Bluetooth)

Such carrier frequency offsets are typically compensated for digitally by using a numerically controlled oscillator (NCO)- the complex signal at or near baseband is multiplied by the complex NCO outpu …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
0 votes
Accepted

How to calculate phase rotation of I/Q reference samples for Bluetooth Angle of Arrival

A Costas Loop is one common implementation for carrier recovery in single-carrier wireless communications. However phase rotation compensation for a complex baseband signal (where the RF signal is dow …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
2 votes
Accepted

Conversion from phase noise to EVM

We can determine the total rms phase noise by integrating the single-sided power spectral density $S_{\phi}(f)$ after being modified by the high pass function of the carrier tracking loop (which will …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
4 votes
Accepted

Why do ATSC channels need 6MHz of bandwidth when they're digital?

A key point is bandwidth is proportional to the symbol rate, or rate of change of the modulation. If the symbol is rectangular shaped, the spectrum is a Sinc function with the first null in Hz at the …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
1 vote
Accepted

Can the intelligence message of an FM signal be cross-modulated to another center frequency ...

I don't see any obvious issue with the OP's reasoning except to clarify that the cross-modulation is is not onto another FM signal but onto another FM channel with caveats on intelligibility. Below I …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
3 votes
Accepted

Why is In-phase Quadrature sampling not used to record and store digital audio?

In contrast radio frequency signals are often represented as complex numbers once they are brought back to baseband. … When the upper sideband of a radio waveform at a given carrier frequency does not match the lower sideband of the waveform in magnitude and opposite phase, then the waveform when brought to baseband must …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
2 votes

How do I determine the carrier frequency of a given AM signal?

AM Broadcast is large carrier AM, in that the carrier is always present and the amplitude is modulated consistent with the waveform of interest. You can simply hard limit the signal to remove all ampl …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
2 votes

Why does altering path length in radio transmission alter the phase of the received signal?

Yes indeed it will be (although we could argue that it may not be necessarily for all distances since the phase is cyclical!). In free space the signal propagates at the speed of light, therefore th …
Dan Boschen's user avatar
0 votes
Accepted

Analysis Received Signal at receiver side

Constructive interference just increases the gain of the signal at the receiver, which is designed (using automatic gain control) to adjust the signal level over a very wide range to that desired for …
Dan Boschen's user avatar