Questions tagged [frequency]
Frequency in signal processing is the number of cycles (of the signal) per second.
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questions
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How to get a non uniform spectral bin?
In the past I have taken an FFT and then summed up the frequency content of bins to get an idea of how much noise is in each bin. Is there a better way to find non uniform frequency bins than this ...
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1answer
41 views
Sampling of frequency response
Let's consider any physical quantity depending on the frequency. For example, the impedance of a certain electrical component: $Z(f)$.
Now, imagine to measure it in a continuous interval of ...
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2answers
46 views
What Is the Bilateral Filter Category: LPF, HPF, BPF or BSF?
I`m reading about Bilateral filter with images, I knew that it uses Gaussian filter (which is a LPF) as a domain filter plus a range filter and it is used to preserve edges(high freq component).
Can ...
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1answer
31 views
How does one interpret an element of the “transfer matrix” used to calculate frequency domain granger causality (via VAR models)?
I am attempting to gain a better mathematical understanding for how autoregressive models can be used to infer frequency-domain granger causality. All freq. domain measures of causality that utilize ...
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1answer
55 views
Tracking a sine wave with noise
This will probably be an extremely simple question for some one with any background in signal processing(not my background)
Let say I have signal $$x(t)=A\sin(\omega t)$$ where A is known and $\omega$...
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1answer
55 views
White noise in range of frequencies [duplicate]
If I have this function:
while (true)
{
frequency = 8000;
wave = sin(sampleNumber*2*PI*frequency/sampleRate)
sampleNumber++;
}
it will produce an ...
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0answers
17 views
Difference between OFDM and FDM
In Frequency Division Multiplexing we provide one channel to one user.
Example like BandWidth of user1's voice is 200Khz. I provide one channel of 200KHz in FDM for uplink as shown in the figure.
...
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1answer
23 views
How to calculate bitrate of PAL?
I have to calculate the bitrate of PAL format $\ (576*720) $. I have the following data:
$\ 25 $ frames per second
Interlaced
Interior representation is: $\ 4:2:0 $
$\ 8 $ bpp
I have tried the ...
0
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1answer
40 views
DC Components and Frequency
I have started learning digital communication and was on line coding. I read there are certain characteristics that we need to keep in mind while choosing the right line coding method. One of these is ...
1
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1answer
19 views
relationship of frequency with range in Underwater acoustic channel
I am interested to know what range of frequencies can be used/ or are effective for wireless communication, within the underwater acoustic channel. I do know a table exists from \cite{...
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0answers
42 views
How do I find the peak frequency of a wav file in python?
I am fairly new to python and signal processing and I was given a task to record audio for 'x' seconds and then find the peak frequency in the audio file.
So far I have successfully implemented the ...
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1answer
46 views
DFT and integer valued basis functions'sf requencies
In Matlab the function
W=dftmtx(N)
gives the DFT matrix of size N.
Each row is computed for an integer frequency k. $W_{k,n} = e^{-i2\pi kn/N}$, k-th frequency, ...
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0answers
36 views
Correlation between frequency and initial phase estimates using FFT
Why is there a high negative correlation between frequency estimation errors and initial phase estimation errors when measured using FFT?
I have a simple code showing this negative correlation.
is ...
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1answer
59 views
Power and Energy of an Audio file
I have a question about calculating the power and Energy of an audio recording.
I have imported a waveform of an audio recording in WAV format into Matlab and then calculated the energy and power in ...
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0answers
44 views
Aliased Signal's Frequency
So I have an incoming signal of 137.9 MHz and a sampling frequency of 1.4 MHz. Once sampled how do I calculate the aliased ...
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1answer
27 views
Digital carrier recovery
I was reading Chapter 2 from "Telecommunication Breakdown" by Johnson and Sethares and came across this paragraph:
However, sometimes it is more cost effective to perform certain tasks
in analog ...
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0answers
113 views
Butterworth cutoff frequency normalization
The issue: I am trying to reproduce the step detection technique as described in this paper. You can see the proposed step detection in the image below. The first part of this technique is to use a ...
2
votes
1answer
68 views
Is there a good method to extract a reference sin/cos from a group of signals?
For the removal of a pure interference from a group of sampled signals, if I know the exact frequency of the interference I can simply use an I/Q demodulation technique (i.e., a phasor projection) to ...
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1answer
51 views
STFT output frequency does not match sin wave frequency
I have the following function and pre definition for producing a sin and its' stft:
...
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0answers
58 views
How to find frequency and corresponding time for an audio signal?
I want to read in a sound file and get the frequency at each time interval of the signal.
I thought that the best way to approach this is by applying FFT to small chunks of the signal. Because FFT ...
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vote
1answer
42 views
Calculate aliasing of $x_a(t) = \cos{(2\pi300t)} + \cos(2\pi600t)$ when sampled with $F_s = 1000$
I'm asked to sample the signal
$$x_a(t) = \cos{(2\pi300t)} + \cos(2\pi600t)$$
with sampling frequency $F_s = 1000$ and plot the magnitude spectrum for the resulting sampled signal.
My thinking is ...
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votes
1answer
103 views
What does a fractional frequency (for discrete-time signals) mean/how to interpret it? [closed]
This question has bugged me for a while as it's not addressed in any books I've read. I was wondering how folks from this community interpreted it. Below are my personal notes on the matter (please ...
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0answers
20 views
Is it possible to create a causal filter with a positively-sloped phase response?
I am currently prototyping a set of noise-cancelling headphones that utilize active EQ to modify the noise-cancelling signal, allowing the user to modify the frequencies that they hear or don't hear. ...
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0answers
46 views
Practical Signal Processing by Mark Owen Exercise 2.1. and 2.2
The following exercises don't have answers in Practical Signal Processing by Mark Owen. What is the author looking for here? A mathematical proof?
2.1 A cosine wave of frequency f is sampled at $t = ...
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0answers
11 views
Complex Spectral Phase Evolution (CSPE) Performance depending on signal windowing?
I am look into CSPE. "Signal Analysis Using the Complex Spectral Phase Evolution (CSPE) Method"
The method is simple. It compares the original signal's FFT and shifted signal FFT in phase domain so ...
2
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2answers
220 views
Do Fourier frequencies actually exist in real life in form of “fundamental frequency”?
For me, this is a very awkward question to be asked, as at this point in my studies I'm supposed to be quite expert with elementary mathematical tools like Fourier transforms, but this has always ...
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0answers
16 views
Interpreting results of multiplying signal and wavelets in the frequency domain
I have followed a lot of stuff on mike cohens website and have managed to make a filterbank of Morlet wavelets and convolve with an incoming block of samples. This of course is a computationally heave ...
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1answer
83 views
Term for integral multiples of fundamental period?
As we know that a signal has fundamental frequency and integral multiples of fundamental frequency are known as harmonics
I am curious about the term that will be used for integral multiples of ...
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1answer
87 views
Formant Analysis Frequency - What makes a peak value?
from spectrograms, how can you tell which peak is really a formant. Like why is the pink arrow the first formant. And in the spectrogram below, which has fewer samples, what makes a value the peak ...
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1answer
203 views
Chebyshev I or Chebyshev II?
I am new to DSP, and I am trying to recreate some analysis of a signal,
They use a chebyshev I filter to go from a 100Hz signal to a 50Hz signal. Whereas I am currently using a chebyshev II filter, ...
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0answers
37 views
histogram bin size vs. data sampling rate
I have a set of numerical signals that give me a set of zeros calculated based on some numerical procedure. I make a histogram of those zeros.
Here, a following problem arises:
If the histogram ...
0
votes
2answers
328 views
In case of using a Doppler radar, do we have to use IQ demodulation to find the direction of a target?
I want to know the way to find the velocity of a target by using a doppler radar.
I read some paper about it,
In summary,
send rf signal to a target
receive the reflected signal from the target.
...
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1answer
67 views
How do I find the frequency of a particular bin in a cosine transform, and two other questions
I have a discrete series of values and I have applied a Discrete Cosine Transform to it, obtaining values like:
...
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2answers
132 views
May I know how to find Time frequency power spectrogram of a signal?
I am analyzing EEG signal and I am unable to understand the term Time-Frequency Power Spectrogram. Please Can anyone help me?
Thank you in advance.
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1answer
94 views
How is frequency related to data rate?
How does (if it does) frequency affect/relates to Data Rate.
Why for example using the same modulation, LoRa (in the physical layer),
you get somewhere around 250kbps at 2.4Ghz and only 20kbps at ...
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4answers
832 views
What are real-valued and complex signals and why is the Fourier transform of a real-valued signal Hermitian?
I have confusions in these concepts:
What are real-valued signals?
What is the difference between it and complex signals?
Why is it so that for real-valued signals, the spectrum of negative ...
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0answers
32 views
Temporally locating beats in an audio file
Imagine you have a long recording of a guitar player playing an arpeggio at a slow speed. To simplify, assume the tempo is 60 bpm or lower. I want to annotate this recording with the exact moments ...
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0answers
9 views
user multiplexing in NOMA system
when two users are multiplexed in downlink noma system using the same subcarrier i,the throughput can be expressed as
How to form the throughput expression in downlink noma system when two users ...
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0answers
24 views
Downlink NOMA system
In what manner does subcarrier,frequency,channel are related in downlink NOMA.
How does the subcarrier allocation takes place when users are getting grouped into clusters on the same frequency....
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1answer
278 views
What is the relationship between angular frequency and normalized angular frequency
This is a slide from my lecture notes:
My professor used the following words " We denote digital frequencies with capital letters and analogue frequencies with lower case letters"
The problem I have ...
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2answers
262 views
Noise power and bandwidth
$$N=kTB$$
In this formula for calculating noise power, why do we use the total bandwidth of the system?
I mean our signal is at $f_0$ carrier frequency, why is it effected by a large bandwidth and ...
0
votes
1answer
27 views
Frequency spectra of a sampled process
I have a process $X$ with frequency spectra
I sample this process with sampling frequency $f_s = 2$.
What will the frequency spectra $R_z(f)$ of the sampled process $Z$ look like? I realize that ...
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2answers
269 views
How to increase resolution of FFT?
I have an input signal in the ( 0 - 20 kHz ) frequency range . When i sample this signal maximum sampling frequency is around 40 kHz . When i calculate the FFT using 1024 points i got resolution of ...
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0answers
174 views
Best Way to Extract Frequency from Signal [closed]
I want to send signal that compound from 16 different frequency over GSM.
The problem is the GSM network is very noisy and I have only 400-3400 hz frequency available for use.
I try using fft ...
1
vote
0answers
91 views
The Definition of Q Factor by an Equation and How to Graph
I am currently building an EQ in an music app, and it's relatively simple:
6 bands of fixed center frequency, and a Q knob to control the Q of all bands, because we do not currently have space for ...
0
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2answers
42 views
How to make sure that a sinusoid wave with different subsequent frequencies matches up?
A very basic formula to transform a sequence of notes into a signal would be:
$$
x(t) = A\cos( 2 \pi (2^{current\_note}/12) t)
$$
where $current\_note$ is $notes[\lfloor t / period\_per\_note\...
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1answer
95 views
Why do we use normalized angular frequency?
Let's say we want to generate a signal in MATLAB, using sin, representing the A-major chord (440 Hz, 550 Hz, 660 Hz, each with amplitude 0.1).
I know we have to use the normalized angular frequency. ...
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1answer
92 views
Visualising OFDM subcarriers in the frequency domain
Im struggling to understand why in some images the frequency domain shows clear bars with amplitude and phase and with 0 frequency variation (it is clear that the frequency of the waves does not ...
0
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1answer
115 views
What is normalized angular frequency? [duplicate]
I am new to DSP, and I am self-studying. I came upon this question, and I am stuck at it. Could someone please help me? Here is the question:
In order to digitally create a sinusoid with frequency $...
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1answer
3k views
Write a 440 Hz Sine Wave to .wav-File using Python and SciPy [closed]
This is my first post on DSP.SE! I'm a student in Computer Sciences and am just getting started with Signals and Systems, thus getting in touch with discrete signals and analyzing them.
I wanted to ...
