Questions tagged [frequency]
Frequency in signal processing is the number of cycles (of the signal) per second.
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How to find frequency and corresponding time for an audio signal?
I want to read in a sound file and get the frequency at each time interval of the signal.
I thought that the best way to approach this is by applying FFT to small chunks of the signal. Because FFT ...
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1answer
37 views
Calculate aliasing of $x_a(t) = \cos{(2\pi300t)} + \cos(2\pi600t)$ when sampled with $F_s = 1000$
I'm asked to sample the signal
$$x_a(t) = \cos{(2\pi300t)} + \cos(2\pi600t)$$
with sampling frequency $F_s = 1000$ and plot the magnitude spectrum for the resulting sampled signal.
My thinking is ...
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1answer
88 views
What does a fractional frequency (for discrete-time signals) mean/how to interpret it? [closed]
This question has bugged me for a while as it's not addressed in any books I've read. I was wondering how folks from this community interpreted it. Below are my personal notes on the matter (please ...
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0answers
19 views
Is it possible to create a causal filter with a positively-sloped phase response?
I am currently prototyping a set of noise-cancelling headphones that utilize active EQ to modify the noise-cancelling signal, allowing the user to modify the frequencies that they hear or don't hear. ...
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0answers
31 views
Practical Signal Processing by Mark Owen Exercise 2.1. and 2.2
The following exercises don't have answers in Practical Signal Processing by Mark Owen. What is the author looking for here? A mathematical proof?
2.1 A cosine wave of frequency f is sampled at $t = ...
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9 views
Complex Spectral Phase Evolution (CSPE) Performance depending on signal windowing?
I am look into CSPE. "Signal Analysis Using the Complex Spectral Phase Evolution (CSPE) Method"
The method is simple. It compares the original signal's FFT and shifted signal FFT in phase domain so ...
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2answers
206 views
Do Fourier frequencies actually exist in real life in form of “fundamental frequency”?
For me, this is a very awkward question to be asked, as at this point in my studies I'm supposed to be quite expert with elementary mathematical tools like Fourier transforms, but this has always ...
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13 views
Interpreting results of multiplying signal and wavelets in the frequency domain
I have followed a lot of stuff on mike cohens website and have managed to make a filterbank of Morlet wavelets and convolve with an incoming block of samples. This of course is a computationally heave ...
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1answer
68 views
Term for integral multiples of fundamental period?
As we know that a signal has fundamental frequency and integral multiples of fundamental frequency are known as harmonics
I am curious about the term that will be used for integral multiples of ...
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1answer
69 views
Formant Analysis Frequency - What makes a peak value?
from spectrograms, how can you tell which peak is really a formant. Like why is the pink arrow the first formant. And in the spectrogram below, which has fewer samples, what makes a value the peak ...
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1answer
102 views
Chebyshev I or Chebyshev II?
I am new to DSP, and I am trying to recreate some analysis of a signal,
They use a chebyshev I filter to go from a 100Hz signal to a 50Hz signal. Whereas I am currently using a chebyshev II filter, ...
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27 views
histogram bin size vs. data sampling rate
I have a set of numerical signals that give me a set of zeros calculated based on some numerical procedure. I make a histogram of those zeros.
Here, a following problem arises:
If the histogram ...
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2answers
165 views
In case of using a Doppler radar, do we have to use IQ demodulation to find the direction of a target?
I want to know the way to find the velocity of a target by using a doppler radar.
I read some paper about it,
In summary,
send rf signal to a target
receive the reflected signal from the target.
...
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1answer
49 views
How do I find the frequency of a particular bin in a cosine transform, and two other questions
I have a discrete series of values and I have applied a Discrete Cosine Transform to it, obtaining values like:
...
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2answers
79 views
May I know how to find Time frequency power spectrogram of a signal?
I am analyzing EEG signal and I am unable to understand the term Time-Frequency Power Spectrogram. Please Can anyone help me?
Thank you in advance.
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1answer
83 views
How is frequency related to data rate?
How does (if it does) frequency affect/relates to Data Rate.
Why for example using the same modulation, LoRa (in the physical layer),
you get somewhere around 250kbps at 2.4Ghz and only 20kbps at ...
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4answers
295 views
What are real-valued and complex signals and why is the Fourier transform of a real-valued signal Hermitian?
I have confusions in these concepts:
What are real-valued signals?
What is the difference between it and complex signals?
Why is it so that for real-valued signals, the spectrum of negative ...
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0answers
32 views
Temporally locating beats in an audio file
Imagine you have a long recording of a guitar player playing an arpeggio at a slow speed. To simplify, assume the tempo is 60 bpm or lower. I want to annotate this recording with the exact moments ...
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0answers
8 views
user multiplexing in NOMA system
when two users are multiplexed in downlink noma system using the same subcarrier i,the throughput can be expressed as
How to form the throughput expression in downlink noma system when two users ...
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0answers
20 views
Downlink NOMA system
In what manner does subcarrier,frequency,channel are related in downlink NOMA.
How does the subcarrier allocation takes place when users are getting grouped into clusters on the same frequency....
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1answer
201 views
What is the relationship between angular frequency and normalized angular frequency
This is a slide from my lecture notes:
My professor used the following words " We denote digital frequencies with capital letters and analogue frequencies with lower case letters"
The problem I have ...
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2answers
130 views
Noise power and bandwidth
$$N=kTB$$
In this formula for calculating noise power, why do we use the total bandwidth of the system?
I mean our signal is at $f_0$ carrier frequency, why is it effected by a large bandwidth and ...
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1answer
26 views
Frequency spectra of a sampled process
I have a process $X$ with frequency spectra
I sample this process with sampling frequency $f_s = 2$.
What will the frequency spectra $R_z(f)$ of the sampled process $Z$ look like? I realize that ...
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2answers
161 views
How to increase resolution of FFT?
I have an input signal in the ( 0 - 20 kHz ) frequency range . When i sample this signal maximum sampling frequency is around 40 kHz . When i calculate the FFT using 1024 points i got resolution of ...
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0answers
112 views
Best Way to Extract Frequency from Signal [closed]
I want to send signal that compound from 16 different frequency over GSM.
The problem is the GSM network is very noisy and I have only 400-3400 hz frequency available for use.
I try using fft ...
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0answers
75 views
The Definition of Q Factor by an Equation and How to Graph
I am currently building an EQ in an music app, and it's relatively simple:
6 bands of fixed center frequency, and a Q knob to control the Q of all bands, because we do not currently have space for ...
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2answers
40 views
How to make sure that a sinusoid wave with different subsequent frequencies matches up?
A very basic formula to transform a sequence of notes into a signal would be:
$$
x(t) = A\cos( 2 \pi (2^{current\_note}/12) t)
$$
where $current\_note$ is $notes[\lfloor t / period\_per\_note\...
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1answer
74 views
Why do we use normalized angular frequency?
Let's say we want to generate a signal in MATLAB, using sin, representing the A-major chord (440 Hz, 550 Hz, 660 Hz, each with amplitude 0.1).
I know we have to use the normalized angular frequency. ...
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1answer
65 views
Visualising OFDM subcarriers in the frequency domain
Im struggling to understand why in some images the frequency domain shows clear bars with amplitude and phase and with 0 frequency variation (it is clear that the frequency of the waves does not ...
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1answer
77 views
What is normalized angular frequency? [duplicate]
I am new to DSP, and I am self-studying. I came upon this question, and I am stuck at it. Could someone please help me? Here is the question:
In order to digitally create a sinusoid with frequency $...
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1answer
2k views
Write a 440 Hz Sine Wave to .wav-File using Python and SciPy [closed]
This is my first post on DSP.SE! I'm a student in Computer Sciences and am just getting started with Signals and Systems, thus getting in touch with discrete signals and analyzing them.
I wanted to ...
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1answer
106 views
How can I get the power of a specific frequency band after FFT?
I need help with my matlab code. I have recorded EEG data and now I want to analyse it in matlab. I want to find the mean power of specific frequency ranges (theta: 4-8 Hz,alpha: 8-12Hz etc.). For ...
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1answer
83 views
Why a DFT of two sinusoids is very noisy even with frequency sampling 5 times higher?
I've set up this case to try to understand DFT implementing a real case in Excel
Frame Size $\;\color{blue}{(T = 5 \; s})$
Time Sampling $\;\color{blue}{(T_S = 0.1 \; s})$
Block Size $\;\color{blue}{(...
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2answers
55 views
Why is it called continuous-time frequency?
I'm just wondering about the CTFT. My lecturer refers to capital Omega $\Omega$ in the following as being the continuous-time frequency:
Why is it called continuous-time frequency here but in the ...
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1answer
56 views
Break a signal into segments, add them together and then perform an FFT on the result
If you break a 4 second signal into 0.5 second segments, add them together and then perform an FFT on the resultant 0.5 second data.
Will the FFT / frequency spectrum be the simlar to an FFT on the ...
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0answers
120 views
Frequency translation with FFT
I'm new to DSP and I would like to make an SDR receiver. For this I want to shift bins in the frequency domain in order to bring to 0Hz any portion of the base band spectrum (I know that there are ...
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2answers
192 views
Carrier Frequency Offset, Rotating Constellation and Correlator
I have been further reading up on carrier recovery methods and something is not clear to me:
It's written that a carrier frequency offset results in a rotating constellation diagram but if you are ...
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2answers
577 views
What does it mean for a function to have frequencies?
In a lecture, my professor mentioned that $\cos$ has two frequencies. I see that using the inverse Euler's formula we can express $\cos$ as a some linear combination of complex exponentials, each with ...
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2answers
252 views
Why do frequencies of analog signals range from $-\infty$ to $\infty$ while frequencies of digital signals are restricted to $[0,2\pi]$?
In Fourier analysis while dealing with discrete-time signals, frequencies range from $0$ to $2\pi$ why? Intuitively how can i understand it?
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2answers
85 views
Relating phase difference in a signal with its frequency
I have a 134 point complex signal. Using MATLAB, I have observed that the phase difference between any two adjacent samples of this signal is 2 radians i.e. the phase increases linearly from 0 to 268 ...
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1answer
38 views
Intuitive understanding of frequency
I know that $f = \frac{\text{cycles}}{\text{unit of time}}$ and I know that period $T = \text{time it takes to complete one cycle}$.
So if we take the definition
$f = \frac{1}{T} = \frac{\text{1 ...
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2answers
63 views
I'm confused about the notion of frequency when it comes to arbitrary data
In signal processing class we keep learning about how it's so useful to bring things into the frequency domain instead of the time or space domain but I'm very confused about what the motivation is or ...
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1answer
71 views
How range of the signal increases when modulation is done? [closed]
I am very confused because we know by increasing frequency we decrease the wavelength hence the distance covered will be very less but when we modulate a signal we are basically increasing the signal ...
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2answers
283 views
Can the instantaneous frequency be always derived from an analytic signal?
Instantaneous frequency can be defined as a derivative of an instantaneous phase of an analytic signal which can be nicely seen in practice in this example from Scipy's documentation. But it seems ...
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1answer
33 views
How do I generate sine waves with MATLAB’s max operator and the plot the resulting values in dB versus log frequency? [closed]
I just start learning about matlab. Im very confuse with this. Can anyone gives me such an example solution or any kind of help?
HINT: Put the desired input frequencies in an array and use a for-loop ...
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1answer
245 views
How can I determine the order of filter?
This is my first study about signal analysing. I'm very confused about filter order. My problem is how can I know whether its 12-th order, or 2nd order like the book says so? I already knew that slope ...
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1answer
29 views
Is there just a carrier in each frequency band in FDMA?
The figure is the FDMA,and i know that FDMA is that dividing the bandwidth into many blocks(frequency band),i want to ask Is there just a carrier in each frequency band in FDMA?i mean one carrier for ...
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1answer
37 views
Modulation of real-valued signal
I have one doubt according to modulation of a real signal.
there are so many examples where the real signal was modulated with frequency bigger then 0.
Why the signal could not be putted in f=0?
is ...
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1answer
116 views
Estimation of Two Closely Spaced Frequencies?
What is the best frequency estimation algorithm for two closely spaced frequencies in term of the minimum frequency spacing achieved?
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3answers
121 views
Efficient calculation of exact frequency from a broad frequency range (1 Hz - 1000 Hz)
I have some input signal sampled at 1-10 MS/s. Let's assume that it contains one strong frequency component (with frequency anywhere in the range from 1 Hz to 1000 Hz or even higher, changing over ...
