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# Tag Info

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You understand the basic operation of the phase detector. Reproducing some of the above, the detected phase error is: $$e_k = M \arctan\left(\frac{i_k}{q_k}\right) \mod{2\pi}$$ As you noted, for an ideal QPSK constellation at the input to the phase detector, $e_k = \pi$ for all possible symbol values. However, in the presence of phase error $\theta$, the ...

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Downsampling (taking every Dth sample and discarding the rest) is an identical process to sampling a continuous time signal; so you approach the continuous time signal as your sampling rate is increased. So you can access the impact of a lower sampling rate by simply downsampling a signal that has a higher number of samples. Note that down-sampling and ...

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There is no change - the complex envelope of the signal (magnitude and phase) at any given carrier frequency is no different from when that carrier frequency = 0 (DC, at baseband). To hold this equivalence the baseband signal must be complex (often represented with I and Q data paths) unless the signal is completely on the real axis... for example If the ...

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