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QPSK transmits two bits per symbol, so the bit rate for QPSK is $\frac{2}{T}$. It follows that QPSK can transmit $2$ bits per Hz of bandwidth at baseband, and $1$ bit per Hz at passband. …

Yes, you are correct, though your formula puts the constellation points at 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees, where usually the constellation points are represented as being at 45, 135, 225, and 315 degrees …

Your measurement of the symbol and noise energy is not correct. Please note that the following is pseudo-code, not valid Python code. EbN0_dB should be an input to this code, not an output. Esymbol …

You can use rectangular pulses, but it is not necessary to do so. Rectangular pulses have advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that they are very simple and easy to use, both for the modul …

What you are seeing is the transitions from one constellation point to another. In order to reduce the signal bandwidth, the baseband signal is low-pass filtered. This causes the transitions to not …

ISI, or intersymbol interference, means different things in the context of PSK and OFDM signals. In PSK signals the symbols almost always have tails that extend, in the time-domain, into the times of …

To demodulate a phase-shift keyed signal, of which BPSK is the simplest, you have to recover the carrier frequency, phase, and symbol timing. Bursty Signals Some signals are bursty and provide a know …