# Tag Info

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Monocular video is taken using a single camera. Stereo video is taken using two cameras side-by-side, producing two video streams. That's pretty much it. A stereo video pair allows depth measurement, so you can find out how far away things are. However, this is not an easy task for complex scenes.

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I think the following code can help you: https://github.com/vadimkantorov/mpegflow The main idea is that you need to decode frames first and query motion frames by calling av_frame_get_side_data function.

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The 3-digit number describes the subsampling of the chroma (U and V) channels. A detailed explanation is at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroma_subsampling In particular, YUV420 means that the U and V channels have half the resolution of the luma (Y) channel, in the horizontal and vertical directions. The sampling method usually present in low to medium ...

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Usually, Salt and Pepper Noise is done using Median Filter. There are variations of the Non Local Means to deal with Salt and Pepper but it might be overkill so I'd start with the above. The tricky thing is to take advantage of having a Video and not just a static single image. Hence you can also apply the filter in a temporal form. If you use small kernel ...

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[EDIT: addition of a March 2017 preprint] Deep learning already has many applications in video, like enhancement (Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Decompressed Video Enhancement) or semantic analysis. Recently, there have been some announcements related to video compression, for instance: Generative Compression (Preprint, March 2017) Traditional ...

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There are many ways to skin this cat. I'll explain one way that I know is used in industry. Create candidate frames algorithmically using the image features; e.g., the histogram, sharpness, presence of humans, faces, and anything else you can think of. Serve different candidates to different users and see which ones are popular You can stop once the ...

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Theoretically, VQ is always better than scalar quantization (SQ). However, as you already mentioned, the complexity of VQ is higher than the complexity of SQ. It increases exponentially together with the dimensionality of vectors. Therefore, the question is how to design a practical coding system which can provide a best rate-distortion performance under a ...

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Don't discount the contribution of physics to the blur in your pictures: Especially in low light, you need to have long exposure times, to get a picture that isn't completely dominated by grain. Conversely, things become less sharp if they're moving. In fact, security cameras tend to have low frame rates (that might actually be for historical reasons – ...

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No. The MPEG4 video codec allows for a large ranges (easily a dynamic range of 50 for "useful" quality) of compression ratios for the same raw video material. The same applies to audio compressors. And of course, there's simply video material that is easy to compress, so using the same type of quantization, motion prediction and frame structure, some ...

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For actual implementations take a look at (C) programming codes for decoders. Basically the process is simple, you create an abstraction such as bits = get_bits(n) Where, n is the n bits you want to read. the var bits is left aligned. It extracts it from some byte_buffer - say a 32 bit or 64 bit symbols. NOTE: All, practical codecs put major symbols ...

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Your PSNR formula has in the denominator a sum of squared distances in a color intensity 1-D space between original and reconstructed pixel values, the sum is taken over all the image pixels. Therefore, you question can be re-formulated as "how one defines a distance in a color 3-D space". You did give an implicit answer, one of many possible and ...

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Well video compression is essentially changing the representation of the video into an intermediate one, such that this representation could be used to recover the original video to the best possible extent. What you store is a much shorter representation instead of the full video. Well, putting it that way immediately reminds me of the (Convolutional) Auto ...

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There are several tools to analyze video streams which which can provide slice and macroblock level information: Intel Video Pro Analyzer Tektronix Video Analyzer H264bitstream ffmpeg (page Analyzing Macroblock Types) Avidemux From How extract Intra-Prediction modes out of h264 stream, it seems that ffmpeg or ffprobe can do a lot of jobs.

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I think there are multiple things to consider here: 1) Where are you dividing the image into 8x8 blocks? If you don't divide like this, then normalization by 64 is meaningless, and you are just computing SAD over all pixels. Maybe I'm seeing something wrong? You should do the normalized SAD in those small windows and then sum and normalize. And since 3600 ...

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It is possible to extract the transform coefficients without fully decoding the entire picture, but you would still have to find your way through the bit stream, parsing whatever is necessary in order to arrive at every transform unit, which might also not be present for every coding unit (if some macroblock matches exactly one in a reference picture then ...

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Sparse dictionaries, dictionary learning or dictionary coding has been popular (and also shown to be quite high-performing) for noise reduction (denoising) and it is basically a kind of vector quantizer. Building the code-book (dictionary) takes time and I don't know exactly how large it typically becomes for denoising applications, but if it is calculated ...

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I think you have in general the correct idea. But you have to remember that the encode order (and therefore the order in which the pictures will appear in the bitstream and be decoded), depends on how the references are. if you have: I(1) B(2) B(3) P(4) B(5) B(6) P(7). etc... You could have a structure where in the group [B(2) B(3) P(4)], the first B(2) ...

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Try https://github.com/jishnujayakumar/MV-Tractus. This tool will give you motion vectors in the form of JSON for every frame.

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The ffmpeg implementation of the HEVC decoding follows this formula instead: $|p_2,_0 - 2p_1,_0+p_0,_0|+|p_2,_3 - 2p_1,_3+p_0,_3|+|q_2,_0 - 2q_1,_0+q_0,_0|+|q_2,_3 - 2q_1,_3+q_0,_3|<\beta \ (1)$ This appears in the hevc_deblock.asm file. ;compare pcmpgtw m15, m13, m14 movmskps r13, m15 ;filtering mask 0d0 + 0d3 < beta0 (bit 2 ...

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Reduction of Noise in a video depends on what type of noise is present in the video. The noise can be reduced by filters which are all present [There are software for this] and many type of filters such as median ,mean,wiener filter. And The noise model can be build to add noise to the video there are many matlab code as well as software also there. Gaussian ...

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