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# Tag Info

Accepted

### Maximum cross-correlation coefficient value for time delay estimation

As your plot shows, the second form allows for the correlation peak to be negative. Now, what does a strong negative cross correlation mean? It means the signals are very similar, except one has a ...
• 2,268
Accepted

### Digital PLL loses lock every time mesage crosses zero

You are having trouble because that's not a Costas loop. A Costas loop uses demodulated data in some form to change the phase that's expected from the signal. You're just taking the I/Q ...
• 8,141
Accepted

### Actual Sample Rate slightly off?

If you calculate the error, 44102/44100 is only about 45 parts per million. That is well within operating tolerance of many crystal oscillators used in consumer equipment to generate audio sampling ...
• 1,451

### Why is phase range between $-\pi$ and $+\pi$ (instead of $0$ and $2\pi$)?

It is just a convention, but it is useful in some cases. For example, the phase of the DFT of a real discrete-time signal is odd only if the angles are expressed in the range $[-\pi, \pi)$. Sometimes ...
• 13.6k

### Why is phase range between $-\pi$ and $+\pi$ (instead of $0$ and $2\pi$)?

First, when you're talking angles, in DSP pretty much all angles are $\mod 2\pi$. So $2\pi \equiv 0$. Usually it's more convenient to keep angles on the interval $\left [-\pi, \pi \right )$, because ...
• 8,141
Accepted

### Synchronizing 2 time series signals at slightly different sampling frequencies

If you are confident that the relationship is a ratio of integers, then resampling would be a fine approach. One would be matched to the other by upsampling by 1008 and then downsampling by 996 which ...
• 36.1k
Accepted

### Acceptable Carrier Frequency Offset for Specific BPSK system

Bottom line: Either implement a (simple) carrier recovery algorithm or use DBPSK instead of BPSK if you are ok with the 3 dB SNR penalty in performance. If you want to do synchronous detection of ...
• 36.1k
Accepted

• 36.1k

### Phase locking value / phase synchronization

If you have two numpy arrays of phase data theta1 and theta2 (in radians), you can calculate phase locking value in numpy without too much effort: ...

### matching the mouth shape of an audio file(lip sync)

The simplest solution I can think of is to use an envelope follower, the higher the amplitude, the more open the mouth is. This is pretty simple but will one give tell you how 'open' the mouth should ...

### How to find the time instant where my sent signal and received signal can synchronize?

This is usually addressed via looking for a known pattern in the data frame. The modulation scheme is not mentioned but when synchronisation is required, a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is most commonly ...
• 10k
Accepted

### FFT based symbol synchronization for digital demodulation

Symbol timing synchronization seems to be a complex topic although once you get some basic principles right, it all makes simple sense. The method you have referred to is known as Digital Filter and ...
• 754
Accepted

### Trouble with time-syncing two radio signals using cross-correlation

It will work when you take the 2nd gradient of the signals: ...
• 36
Accepted

### Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Synchronization Methods

This can be accomplished by changing the carrier frequency using a Numerically Controlled Oscillator (NCO) which maintains an accurate and continuous phase versus time trajectory via the phase ...
• 36.1k
Accepted

### OFDM: How to do the carrier recovery of the quadrature(I/Q) demodulation

I can't find any way to make the carrier recovery, I don't think you can or should really talk "carrier recovery" in OFDM systems; after all, OFDM is a multi-carrier system. So, you'd need to recover ...
• 25.8k
Accepted

### GNU Radio loop bandwidth normalization

I can only answer your second question: "How can the loop bandwidth in GNU Radio synchronization be configured as a percentage of the symbol rate?" The tracking loop in the symbol synchronizer block ...
• 2,390
Accepted

### Band edge filter for raised cosine impulse

It looks like the filter you want is indeed $-ith(t)$. Here is some Octave code to get a visualization in the frequency domain: ...
• 2,390

### Digital PLL loses lock every time mesage crosses zero

It seems like your error jumps to -$\pi$ and then to $\pi$ I think you need to unwrap your phase. Let me explain with an example Say that the output of atan2 block is $\pi - 0.001$ and then the ...
• 3,544
Accepted

### Blind Carrier Synchronization

One approach not yet mentioned is frequency multiplication by a factor of the number of phase positions used followed by a PLL for noise reduction and then a frequency divider by then same factor. ...
• 36.1k
Accepted

### PLL for Phase Demodulation and Carrier Tracking

Yes this is very common to have a dynamic loop bandwidth such that during acquisition the loop bandwidth is wider, and then once acquired to tighten it up for better noise performance. A typical ...
• 36.1k

### Symbol Synchronization for GFSK/FSK signals in GNU Radio

The Symbol Synchronizer block is a PLL-based synchronizer that is trying to estimate the symbol clock period and symbol clock phase (aka timing offset) based on the samples coming in that represent ...
• 2,390

### Why does altering path length in radio transmission alter the phase of the received signal?

Yes indeed it will be (although we could argue that it may not be necessarily for all distances since the phase is cyclical!). In free space the signal propagates at the speed of light, therefore ...
• 36.1k

### Symbol time offset simulation

If you postulate that receiever's clock is perfect, then you want to make the transmitter send symbols every $T_s \pm \varepsilon$ seconds, where $T_s$ is the symbol period according to the receiver. ...
• 13.6k

### How can I fix bad clock recovery for bursts with short distance?

There are two types of symbol synchronizers: One shot synchronizers (feed-forward methods by using ML rule, or pilot-assisted techniques) Snycronizers with feedback loops (TED, Gardner, etc.) As far ...
• 360

Only top scored, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible