# Tag Info

Accepted

### What's the correct graphical interpretation of a series of MFCC vectors?

The way MFCC's are always used is by feeding them into the classifier. This can be done on a frame-by-frame basis (12x1 vector), or by concatenating (...
• 10.5k
Accepted

### Why is each window/frame overlapping?

Why is each window/frame overlapping? Windowing is a means to stationarize signals. Inside a small enough window, you can expect that the properties of the signal chunk do not vary too fast. And you ...
• 30.3k

### What are i-vectors and x-vectors in the context of Speech Recognition?

The i-vectors and x-vectors share the ability to represent speech utterance in a compact way (as a vector of fixed size, regardless of length of the utterance). The extraction algorithms of i-vectors ...
• 231

### How to do continuous signal processing (i.e without windowing)?

Yes, it's possible to analyse sound the way ears do. For example, you could compute the DFT of a signal continuously using several Goertzel filters. $$y_k[n] = e^{j2\pi k/N} y_k[n-1] + x[n]$$ ...
• 22.9k

### Why is each window/frame overlapping?

More overlap means you end up with more windows (of a given length) per second of audio. More windows (of a given length) requires more FFTs which requires more MACs or FLOPs which generally requires ...
• 34k

Researchers from the Johns Hopkins University have recently released a corpus of music, speech, and noise which, according to them, is suitable for training models for voice activity detection and ...
• 61

### How does Siri recognize me saying "Hey Siri"?

"Ok Google" is described in many publications by Google Automatic Gain Control and Multi-style Training for Robust Small-Footprint Keyword Spotting with Deep Neural Networks Convolutional Neural ...
• 1,119
Accepted

### What Is the Point of Doing the Zero Padding?

You may think of it as efficient way to apply Dirichlet Window Based interpolation in the Fourier Domain. The advantage of applying the interpolation using Zero Padding in the Time Domain is very ...
• 41.4k
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### Using HMM for speech recognition

What exactly can the vector/observation be? Can it be a relatively simple function, say approximation of the spectral envelope? Or is it usually a vector of R^n? You won't go very far by summarizing ...
• 19.1k
Accepted

You can take some big speech corpus like TEDLIUM and add the noise you like: http://www-lium.univ-lemans.fr/en/content/ted-lium-corpus The advantage of TEDLIUM is that it's a set of continuous ...
• 1,119
Accepted

### What is best practice to remove static noise?

The standard method to remove stationary noise is spectral subtraction, where the magnitudes of the short-time Fourier transform of the noisy signal are modified based on an SNR estimate in the ...
• 80.4k
Accepted

### In framing of audio samples', what is need of frame shift while giving frame size??

By performing the windowing with overlap we are artificially increasing our time resolution (larger granularity of features in time). This is especially useful when frame duration is long (bad time ...
• 10.5k
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### Averaging Different Length Speech Signal

Dynamic Time Warping is pretty well explained on this site. I'll use some of the diagrams from the PPT on that site to explain. The idea is to divide the signals into segments (frames) and then ...
• 22.9k

### Cepstrum calculus disambiguation

A common technique for computing the inverse fft is to invert the imaginary part of the input array, perform a forward fft and then invert the imaginary part of the output array. In the case of the ...
• 486
Accepted

• 80.4k

### Speech recognition using mfcc and neural network

Usually your training data and your test data are different, otherwise your results will be unrealistically good. However, for a first test of your implementation, you can simply use your training ...
• 80.4k
Accepted

### Filtering noise and identifying phones boundary in speech recongition

system using arduino Arduino performance is not enough for any serious speech recognition. You should better play with your mobile phone instead. With mobile you can build at least some interesting ...
• 1,119

Free VAD Data set recorded in real environment with ground truth label: refer: https://github.com/jtkim-kaist/VAD-Toolkit
Accepted

### Continuous speech recognition with HMM

Will similar enough vectors be "put together" and only treated as 1? No, this is not how it is done. so for what p will P(o|p) be computed? Your assumption that recognition is performed by ...
• 19.1k

### Vowel detection using MFCC

You may just implements a VAD (voice activity detector) whose parameters are high enough to filter out voiced consonants. One VAD which always amazed me is the zero crossing rate, because it is so ...
• 61