# Questions tagged [poles-zeros]

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### Zeros in FIR Filter

I recently had this question in a quiz and was quite confused as I don't think I can assume there are more zeros from just one, so how should I interpret it? Assuming a linear phase FIR filter with ...
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### Pole Magnitude and Damping Ratio relationship

I know that the damping ratio of a system is defined by the angle of the pole, calculated with respect to the left hand side $x$-axis. Could one infer though, that if the magnitude of the poles is ...
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### How to calculate the magnitude of frequency response from Pole zero plot

I have checked the theory to calculate the magnitude of frequency response from the pole-zero plot from the previous posts. As far as I understand(and I hope I am correct), the magnitude can be ...
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### Is this system causal or not?

My efforts of solving this question are below. I came to a conclusion that this system is causal, since: $$\begin{cases} w[k]+5w[k-1]+6w[k-2]=x[k] \\ y[k]=w[k]+2w[k-1]+3w[k-2]+4w[k-3] \end{cases}$$...
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### How to break a second-order filter into two first-order filter

Let's assume the transfer function of a continuous-domain filter consists of two poles and one zero: $H(s) = \frac{k_c (s-\omega_{z_1})}{(s-\omega_{p_1})(s-\omega_{p_2})}$. Let's consider we do the bi-...
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### How to design IIR digital filters

Practical Infinite-Impulse-Response (IIR) filters are usually based upon analogue equivalents (Butterworth, Chebyshev, etc.), using a transformation known as the bilinear transformation which maps the ...
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### Implementation of IIR filter

Suppose we have a discrete input waveform (with sampling frequency Fs = 32*56e9). We want to filter this waveform with a filter that has two complex conjugate poles (at 22 GHz) and one zero (at 17GHz) ...
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### Why can the number of zeros be no more than the number of delay elements in a signal flow network?

Let $N$ be the signal graph representation network of the system function (in rationale form) of a discrete-time LTI system. For a network $N$ with no loops, the impulse response is no longer than ...
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### What is the reason behind complex conjugate pairs in Linear Phase FIR filter analysis from the Pole Zero plot

When we say that a Generalized Linear Phase System must satisfy the pole zero plot with the condition that a complex zero not on the unit circle exist's in a pair of 4. Then I understand that I need ...
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### Ending points of the root locus

Let $$D(s) + KN(s) = 0 \tag{1}$$where $D(s)$ and $N(s)$ are polynomials of $s \in \mathbb{C}$ such that $\text{Deg}(D) = n, \ \text{Deg}(N) = m$ and $n\ge m$. The root locus method tells us how the ...
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### Region of the coefficients of a quadratic equation that cause the roots of it to be in the unit disk

From Simon Haykin's Adaptive Filter Theory: consider the characteristic equation is $1+𝑎_1𝑧^{−1}+𝑎_2𝑧^{−2}=0$, then for the roots to be inside the unit circle (i.e. in the unit disk), the ...
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### Real impulse response

It will be great if someone can explain me what exactly means "real impulse response". Further more , what is the effect of such a response on ROC (Laplace plane) and in particular if its ...
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### Notch filter: differences between IIR and FIR filters

I'm trying to understand this great answer from Matt L. . It's said that "One advantage of IIR filters is that steep filters with high stopband attenuation can be realized with much fewer ...
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### Pole locations of Butterworth filter

I am reading Proakis book "DSP using Matlab", 3rd edition. I am reading chapter 8, section 8.3, p. 402, and I am confused regarding the equation of poles (roots of denominator of system ...
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### Query regarding complex poles and zeros ??always exist as conjugate pairs?

Complex poles and zeros always exist in conjugate pairs?If yes,in which context? https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=32090&seqNum=9 The above link mentions this idea with eq 3.50
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### Why does the filtered signal amplitude increase exponentially?

I am new to signal processing. I am having a problem applying a filter to a test signal. I am working with MatLab. My test signal is a chirp up to Nyquist frequency and my filter is in zeros and poles ...
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### How to water level deconvolve a noisy signal if i have a zeros and poles file?

Thanks for your time and help! I am working with Apollo project passive seismic experiment (PSE) data, and I have a large set of seismic records (on digital counts) and the corresponding file of poles ...
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### Plotting Frequency Response Magnitude and Phase for first order all pass filter

Having trouble plotting the frequency response characteristics for first order all pass filter. The Magnitude is expected to be constant across entire freq and Phase is expected to be only decreasing (...
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### Apply Transfer Function in Continuous Domain in Matlab

I have the coefficients of a transfer function (i.e. numerator and denominator) in Laplace domain. How can I apply this to an input waveform using MATLAB script? I am looking for a function or piece ...
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### Calculating Transfer function numerator and denominator from the rationalfit model

I have a frequency response data called 'AC_data' which is a vector of complex numbers (real and imaginary part) at different frequency points. I have calculated a rationalfit model for the AC_data ...
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### Single pole IIR filter, fixed point design

We want to do a fixed point implementation of the single pole IIR filter: $y[n] = a\cdot x[n] + (1 - a)\cdot y[n-1] \quad ;\qquad 0<a<1$ What are the main design considerations to think about ?...
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### How to realize Poles and zeros at infinity??especially through transfer function?

I have a question regarding the poles and zeros at infinity I often read here in DSP SE and also in some textbooks about poles and zeros at infinity This question also answers somehow (but not in ...