# Questions tagged [math]

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### Linear correlation of two vectors?

We had a lecture on digital watermark detection using linear correlation. Here it was explained that the linear correlation of two vectors is equal to their scalar product divided by the dimension. So,...
63 views

### Relation between the matrix trace and the amplitude of each element

Assume a diagonal matrix $\mathbf X$ whose size $N\times N$ and its diagonal elements are $0.5 + 0.5i$, and the vector $\mathbf p$ of size $N\times 1$ whose elements have similar amplitude. I have ...
706 views

### DFT of pure sinusoidal wave

I'm writing a program in which you can synthesize waves by adding to a sound's Fourier transform, and then inverse the transform to get the modified sound. In order to do this, I need to know what to ...
132 views

### SNR for the magnitude of a complex signal

The SNR for a complex valued signal is presented by Dilip Sarwate in: https://dsp.stackexchange.com/a/42359 Following the same steps I would like to estimate the SNR for the magnitude of a complex ...
29 views

### I don't understand how the zeros are found of this 2nd order feed-forward filter

I realized someone asked a question about the exact same section of a book, which can be found here: Question about zeroes of simple 2nd order FIR filter. While the answer to this question looks ...
478 views

### Coordinate system in digital image processing

I am trying to understand image coordinate system where I read that it is reversed. So if $f(x,y)$ is actually $f(y,x)$ where $f(\cdot, \cdot)$ is the image. I am a bit confused and would appreciate ...
75 views

### Summations in Z-Transform

I'm currently working on a problem that involves a Z-Transform. Basically, the essence of the problem is that if: $$H\left(z\right) = \sum_{n=0}^{N-1}h\left(n\right)z^{-n}$$...
47 views

I am writing a synthesizer. One part of the synthesizer specification says that different sources can specify an attenuation to be applied to a signal, and that these attenuations should be summed. ...
168 views

### Fourier Transform of an Exponential Sine Sweep

The Exponential Sine Sweep (ESS), according to Farina [1], can be described by the following formula: $$x(t)=\sin\left(\frac{2\pi f_1 T}{R}\left(e^{\frac{t R}{T}} -1\right) \right)$$ where, $t$ - ...
73 views

### Problem with natural logarithmic function in fixed point notation

I am facing a problem with natural logarithmic function in fixed-point notation. Let's say $$x = 0.54, \qquad\text{then}\qquad \ln(x) = -0.616186, \qquad\text{a negative number} \tag{1}$$ Then in ...
117 views

### FFT algorithm gives wrong signs on my output numbers

I was told from another stack exchange (stackoverflow and computer science stack exchange) to post here - so hopefully now i can get some help from people who understand the algorithm, but if this is ...
125 views

### Why Cramér spectral representation and not DTFT for stochastic process

In a lot of time-series analysis references I find (written by mathematicians or statisticians rather than engineers), I find the following signal decomposition for a stochastic process, termed the &...
21k views

### What is the first derivative of Dirac delta function?

Could you please help me in a simple way, what is the first derivative of a Dirac delta function? I found this answer: The informal answer is a positive Delta function immediately followed by a ...
48 views

### Solve equations with conjugates multiplications

If I have a two variables $x_1$, $x_2$ and two equations. In the first equation the first variable $x_1$ is multiplied with the conjugate of same number which is multiplied with $x_2$, and in the ...
156 views

### Finding the system output by convolution

pretty new to this concept, so do bear with me. A linear dynamic system is described by the following differential equation: Transfer function H(s) is calculated to be = I've already found the ...
69 views

### On the simplification using trigonometric functions

Assume I have a matrix $D$ whose its entries are as below : Where $A$ and $B$ can be written using using the trigonometric functions for (1) as: My question, Is it possible to simplify (1) more? ...
161 views

### Calculate autocorrelation of a sinus

I am a beginer in signal processing. I am currently studying a signal $s(t) = \cos(h(t))$, and I have to calculate its autocorellation. Since $h(t)$ is periodic of period $T_s$, I calculated the value ...
219 views

### Q format doubts

Is my understanding correct w.r.t Q format. signed Q15.1 format means, 15 bits for fractional and 1 for integer bits SO max range is - 2^15 / 2^15 to + (2 ^ 15 - 1) / 2^15 signed Q7.0 means, 7 bits ...
50 views

### Understanding Communication Theory Jargon for Statistical Linear Models

Coming from a statistical background, I understand the following formula: $$y = X\beta + \epsilon$$ as a linear regression model, with data input-output pair: $(X,y)$, ...
6k views

### Convolution of two rectangular pulses intuition

From what I understand the convolution of the impulse response of a system with the input to that system gives the output. Now if the impulse response is a rectangular function and the input is also ...
231 views

### Absolute value based AM envelope detection viewed in the frequency domain

In my understanding when a passband AM signal is demodulated with an envelope detector taking the absolute value restores the original baseband version of the signal and the low-pass filter removes ...
165 views

### Separation of signals without loss of information about the signals themselves

There is a signal that contains: Rectangular pulses on frequency of 1 kHz Rectangular pulses on frequency of 1.4 kHz Other noises. Required: Separate 1kHz pulses from everything else and measure ...
91 views

### Dummy DSP student request for IDTFT Calculation and Integration Process

We have one DSP course in biomedical engineering, so i have been for 10 years away from mathematical calculation and working in this years by programing by c and ..., so one of our exercise is to ...
45 views

### Solving equation with convolution

I have the measured signal $y(t)$ that can be modeled in the frequency domain as $Y(f)$: $$Y(f) = X(f)\cdot A(f) - [X(f)\cdot B(f)] \ast C(f)$$ where $\ast$ is the convolution. I know $A(f)$, $B(f)$,...
586 views

### Derivation of ZOH Discretization

I'm trying to understand the derivation of the zero order hold discretization method, and I have a couple of questions about some of the steps. I think I understand the first part, this is just the ...
1k views

### Resolution of Discrete Fourier Transform is 1/T - Mathematical proof?

In many articles I see that the frequency resolution of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) equals Fs/N where Fs is the sampling rate and N is the total number of samples. Fs/N is equivalent to 1/T ...
262 views

### Power, energy and amplitude spectrum from fft in MATLAB - scaling

I've looked at previous answers and none of the answers seem to agree (perhaps I'm missing something obvious): I would like to know what the correct scaling to use is for amplitude, energy and power ...
41 views

For a given scenario in the context of control system, I'm trying to investigate how the $H_\infty$ norm can be calculated for a transfer function as follows: $$G(s)= \frac{w_n^2}{s^2 +2\zeta w_ns +... 2answers 910 views ### Differential Equations applications in Signal Processing [closed] Does differential and partial differential equations subject has applications in Signal Processing? I have basic DSP background and know Matrix algebra and Fourier transforms very well, but I am not ... 1answer 216 views ### How to find the impulse response of filter that outputs the autocorrelation of the input? I am trying to solve question 9.61 in the attached image. I guess, by evaluating the autocorrelation for a specific instance, say  t = 0  , that the impulse response, h(t), should be :$$ h (t)...
$a = (x, y) \in \mathbb{Z}^2$ is given as a pixel. My equation in which $g$ is image(matrix) is defined as, $f(x, y) = 56g(x,y)+93g(x−1,y)+92g(x+1, y)−57g(x, y−1)+555g(x, y+1)$ How can we know ...
In that paper https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/1687-1499-2012-72 .. Equation 3, $J(w) = w^HBw/w^HCw$ .. $B$ and $C$ are matrices, $w$ the filter coefficients vector ...