$X$ represents sample in frequency domain and $x$ represents samples in time domain. **NOTATION 1** $ X[k] = \sum\limits_{n=0}^{N-1} x[n] \ e^{-j \frac{2\pi}{N} n k} $ $ x[n] = \frac{1}{N} \sum\limits_{k=0}^{N-1} X[k] \ e^{j \frac{2\pi}{N} n k} $ **NOTATION 2** $ X[k] = \frac{1}{N} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{N-1} x[n] \ e^{-j \frac{2\pi}{N} n k} $ $ x[n] = \sum\limits_{k=0}^{N-1} X[k] \ e^{j \frac{2\pi}{N} n k} $ **NOTATION 3** $ X[k] = \frac{1}{\sqrt{N}} \sum\limits_{n=0}^{N-1} x[n] \ e^{-j \frac{2\pi}{N} n k} $ $ x[n] = \frac{1}{\sqrt{N}} \sum\limits_{k=0}^{N-1} X[k] \ e^{j \frac{2\pi}{N} n k} $ **NOTATION 4** $ X[k] = \sum\limits_{n=0}^{N-1} x[n] \ e^{j \frac{2\pi}{N} n k} $ $ x[n] = \frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{k=0}^{N-1} X[k] \ e^{-j \frac{2\pi}{N} n k} $ Please observe the scaling factor $\frac{1}{N}$ and change of a negative sign $-$ over the exponent term ${e^{\pm j\frac{{2\pi }}{N}nk} }$. Why is every notation of DFT valid?