$X$ represents sample in frequency domain and $x$ represents samples in time domain. **NOTATION 1** $X(k) = \sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1} {x\left[ n \right]e^{ - j\frac{{2\pi }}{N}nk} } $ $ x\left[ n \right] = \frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{k = 0}^{N - 1} {X\left[ k \right]e^{j\frac{{2\pi }}{N}nk} } $ **NOTATION 2** $ X\left[ k \right] = \frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{k = 0}^{N - 1} {x\left[ n \right]e^{ - j\frac{{2\pi }}{N}nk} } $ $ x\left[ n \right] = \sum\limits_{k = 0}^{N - 1} {X\left[ k \right]e^{j\frac{{2\pi }}{N}nk} } $ **NOTATION 3** $ X\left[ k \right] = \frac{1}{{\sqrt N }}\sum\limits_{k = 0}^{N - 1} {x\left[ n \right]e^{ - j\frac{{2\pi }}{N}nk} } $ $ x\left[ n \right] = \frac{1}{{\sqrt N }}\sum\limits_{k = 0}^{N - 1} {X\left[ k \right]e^{j\frac{{2\pi }}{N}nk} } $ **NOTATION 4** $ X\left[ K \right] = \sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1} {x\left[ n \right]e^{j\frac{{2\pi }}{N}nk} } $ $ x\left[ n \right] = \frac{1}{N}\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{N - 1} {X\left[ K \right]e^{ - j\frac{{2\pi }}{N}nk} } $ Please observe the scaling factor $\frac{1}{N}$ and change of a negative sign $-$ over the exponent term ${e^{\pm j\frac{{2\pi }}{N}nk} }$. Why is every notation of DFT valid?