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i don't see why the restriction. and if there was, it's $f \in [0,1)$ and $\omega \in [0,2\pi)$

You might be mixing two concepts, pertaining to the continuous or the discrete.

The first concept corresponds to the continuous Fourier transform, for which you can use a form of normalized frequency cycles per second or Hertz ($e^{-j2\pi f}$), while the second is the angular frequency in radians per second ($e^{-j\omega}$).

The second one, with integer index $n$ relates first instance to discrete summations, e.g. the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT), where the Fourier kernel writes $e^{-j2\pi f n}$ with $f\in \mathbb{R}$ (for instance) or $e^{-j\omega n}$ with $\omega\in \mathbb{R}$ (for instance).

The first concept is in use in the inverse DTFT, since it involves integrals.

Laurent Duval
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