# All Questions

16,650 questions
14 views

### Demodulation using orthogonal signaling

I am a beginner and I want to implement a demodulate function that takes in a signal (the received waveform), the number of bits per chunk k, and the length T in seconds of each signal (which is also ...
12 views

### Orthogonal Signal Modulation

I am a beginner and I want to implement a modulate function which takes the bitstring (the data), the number of bits per chunk k, and the length T in seconds of each signal (which is also the ...
45 views

### Deconvolution of two FIRs

Basic questions: What's the "correct" way to deconvolve two causal FIRs in the frequency domain (i.e. using the FFT), neither of which may be minimum phase but both may be considered to have stable ...
4 views

### Comparison Between Mahoney Filter and Kalman Filter in Euler Angles (Yaw, Pitch, Roll) Estimation

What are the advantages of Mahoney Filter over Kalman Filter for Euler Angle (Yaw, Pitch, Roll) estimation? Could anyone compare them for Angular State Estimation? Resources Mahoney Filter ...
37 views

### Is it possible to do better than Cramér Rao lower bound for different estimation methods

I’m new to learning about the Cramér Rao lower bound. Does the calculation of the CRLB imply that only particular estimation algorithms can be used (e.g. estimating delay and Doppler from a complex ...
11 views

### Parity Check matrix from degree and check nodes polynoms, LDPC codes

I'm trying to simulate LDPC codes which were optimized for the BEC channel. I generated the degree and check nodes polynomials according to chapter 3.15 in "Modern Coding Theory" by Richardson and ...
29 views

### Linear Combiner Based LMS Transfer Function

I am currently working on narrowband beamforming and looking to compute the transfer function for a linear combiner based LMS. While doing a quick search I have found the following article which ...
23 views

### Time Setting of $z$ and Laplace Transforms

I'm aware that the z-transform and the Laplace Transform have an analogous relationship but I want to be doubly-sure that the z-transform only works in discrete-time and that the Laplace transform ...
26 views

Explain how the data rate over a channel can be increased, without increasing the bandwidth? What is the disadvantage of this approach?
17 views

### Differences in moving window rms due to sampling rate

I have a 10 second recorded signal band pass filtered from 100-500 Hz. The original sampling rate is 10 kS. Now I run a moving window RMS with a window length: 10 ms on the signal (10/1000 * sampling ...
19 views

### Intercepting a Bluetooth Signal

Does anybody know how to intercept a Bluetooth signal to disrupt it and or take over control of a speaker?
11 views

### Spectrogram power/magnitude normalization in analogy with image intensity normalization

In analogy with the 8-bit grayscale image color depth, in which the intensity of a sample pixel is normalized to a value between 0 and 255 by taking into account the minimum and maximum intensities ...
83 views

15 views

### How to find the filter coefficient of matched filter to detect the pulse of a signal?

I would to understand how to find the coefficient of a matched filter. Let's consider we have a signal and the signal is buried in the following noise. we want to find the coefficient of a matched ...
11 views

### Given N samples point from y =original_signal+noise, how can I recover the original signal from N samples points

The distribution of noise can be seen as known.
15 views

### Calculating N for DFT

We want to compute an N-point DFT of a one-second duration compact disc (CD) audio signal x[n], whose sample rate is $f_s = 44.1Khz$ with a DFT sampling of 1 Hz. (a) What is the number of necessary x[...
28 views

### PLL carrier recovery: intermediate versus baseband

When looking at carrier recovery, a PLL is often applied to correct the frequency offset between the local oscillator and the transmitter after down conversion. I'm wondering what happens to the PLL ...
6 views

### How to match resolution of two or more signals

I have received the following 4 time-series signals and wanted to do some data analytics using these. Although the sampling is the same for all of these signals, 2 samples per second, problem is that ...
7 views

### Calculating noise floor of digitization system using FFT

I am trying to calculate self noise of a digitization system with differential inputs.For this purpose, i select a differential channel, set input range to +/-5 V, short both differential inputs and ...
178 views

### Do Fourier frequencies actually exist in real life in form of “fundamental frequency”?

For me, this is a very awkward question to be asked, as at this point in my studies I'm supposed to be quite expert with elementary mathematical tools like Fourier transforms, but this has always ...
9 views

### MATLAB & Power Spectral Density - Error - Getting the same range of values regardless of sound type?

I wrote code [attached at end of question] to take .wav files of child vocalizations and tried to see if there are valid ranges for the formants F1:F2:F3 for the 5 ...
15 views

### Mscohere in Matlab-why would the coherence tends to 1 as nfft increases?

Does anyone have a clue as to why -using mscohere- the coherence becomes exactly one for all frequencies if nfft is set to about 190-200. I know it's standard practice to set it to a number that is a ...
37 views

### rate 1/128 channel code for 5 bits of information

I need to construct channel code for 5 bits of information for a wireless channel. Possible code rate could be as low as 1/128 (very reliable). At decoder I assume to use channel LLRs as decoder input ...
13 views

### Getting SNR of reconstructed signal in MATLAB

I am trying to run code to compare the efficiency of various basic sampling methods such as ideal sampling, natural sampling and so on. I want to then use average power to see how accurate the ...
70 views

### What is the precise definition of a nonlinear signal?

I tried to find the the precise definition of a nonlinear signal. However it is not easy. How can we define a nonlinear signal?
61 views
+50

### Tetrahedral microphone array beamforming

I have a microphone array of 4 channels taken as channels [6,10,22,26] from Eigenmike spherical microphone array. I wish to do 3D beamforming and create $8\times 4$ beams, 4-elevations with 8 ...
31 views

### Odd-order Butterworth filter gain at cutoff frequency

Wikipedia gives the gain of an n-order Butterworth filter as $$G^2(\omega)=\left |H(j\omega)\right|^2 = \frac {{G_0}^2}{1+\left(\frac{j\omega}{\omega_c}\right)^{2n}}$$ here. If you look at the gain ...
17 views

### IFFT, negative frequencies and noncausal impulse

When using the IFFT to compute an approximation to the IDTFT, frequency range is 0 to 2$\pi$ versus $-\pi$ to $\pi$. This produces a different impulse sequence(causal I think). How do you calculate ...
11 views

7 views

### Looking to simulate sound level meter (read microphone audio signal into 1/3 octave)

I am looking to pull audio from a microphone and analyse the 1/3 octave data. Can anyone suggest a software library to do this that I could then build a software interface on top of? Initially looking ...
9 views

### Comparisons of FIR Causal filters of type HRIR in Discrete Time and Frequency Domains

I have just implemented a Discrete Time Convolution between HRIR filter at a range of angles. I also implemented an Overlalp-and-Add method and FFT and IFFT to compute the same convolution in ...
24 views

### How to achieve a smoothed frequency phase response with no outliers

I have two sampled signals, which I then perform wavelet analysis on, by synthesising the Filterbank, perform the dft on each kernel, and the dft on the sampled signals, and multiply together. ...
29 views

### Correlation of vector signal

This is probably more of a mathematical question than a signal processing exclusive, but I hope somebody here knows an answer! I want to compute the autocorrelation of a signal, which is a vector (so ...
11 views

### Determining timing error for sampling

I am writing a small program for sampling a series of sensors on an Arduino. The sampling process is not 100% perfect, depending on how many sensors I am reading, the actual difference between two ...
28 views

### How Could I extract the signal in the below Image

This is my first post so sorry if I make any mistake. The entire signal length in the screen shot below is 10 second. I ran a first order low pass filter (digital) at 10Hz cut-off frequency, and I ...
22 views

...
43 views

### Detecting a three-tone signal in real-time

I'm new to digital signal processing, and I've been looking into FFT, filtering, Matlab etc. What I'd like is to build a program which will detect when a certain BEEP is transmitted through a trunked ...
32 views

### Is it possible to approximate given skewness and kurtosis values using an IFFT?

I have time domain data for a signal that behaves randomly but has non-random (non-Gaussian?) skewness and kurtosis values of ~0.9 and ~7.4, respectively. The FFT of the signal shows that it's not ...
I want to convert this transfer function: $$\ \frac{2\cdot(z-0.5)\cdot(z-0.6)}{z-1}$$ to a difference equation, but I have no idea how. Can someone help me? Thanks, Arjon