# All Questions

16,739 questions
27 views

### What does a fractional frequency mean/how to interpret it?

This question has bugged me for a while as it's not addressed in any books I've read. I was wondering how folks from this community interpreted it. Below are my personal notes on the matter (please ...
10 views

### Decoding .wav file to bit level data

I have been given the following waveform and asked to read the data and write to a buffer using Java. The .wav file has a sampling rate of 44100 Hz, 2 channel and 16-bit depth. From the waveform, I ...
15 views

### Audio signal similarity percentage

My problem is to find a way to classify audio files, and after that I need to test my machine with an audio file whose similarity percentage I need to find. I tried to do it using MFCCs first ...
22 views

### What kind of power spectrum implies uncorrelation in time?

I am new in signal processing field, and actually I just need some basic tools for what I am working on. I've learnt that the autocorrelation function is the inverse Fourier transform of the signal's ...
15 views

230 views

### Bilinear Transform (Tustin's Method) applied to the Derivative

I hope that I have not misunderstood something terribly wrong, but the continuous derivative $D=d/dt$ can be considered a transfer function in Laplace space $D(s) = s$, right? So when I try to ...
21 views

### Convex Optimisation and Python [on hold]

I was tweaking with CVX Toolbar in MATLAB. While running a simple example (available on CVX Documentation), I keep getting errors. I am writing a MWE below: ...
6 views

### Pascal Voc 2012 Annotaions for 6D viewpoint(pose) estimation

Everyone, I am working on 6D pose estimation and I have to predict a rotation matrix (Euler angle) and translation. Now In Pascal Voc annotations are in the form of azimuth, elevation and distance ...
40 views

### How can I generate an IF signal of 70MHz, with a bandwidth of 1MHz, on MATLAB?

I am a beginner in MATLAB, and have a fair grip on the theoretical concepts of up conversion, etc. So the problem statement is that, a 70MHz, IF signal, of 1MHz BW is obtained from a satellite, and ...
16 views

### PulseAudio cannot read buffers at consistent rate [on hold]

I want to record my microphone and process in real time, eg. show an oscilloscope view of the microphone signal. I've tried 3 ways to get the data out of PulseAudio and they all perform the same. ...
20 views

### How to draw the magnitude plot of a variable slope low/high pass shelving filter? (eg. as a function of cascaded shelving filters)

I am interested in making a magnitude graph of a variable slope low/high pass filter. I would like to set slope in dB/oct and a cutoff pitch. The y-axis should be amplitude from 0 to 1, and the x-axis ...
46 views

### What Is the Relation Between Deblurring and Deconvolution in Computer Vision and Image Processing?

The deblurring problem can be modelled as follows $$f = \phi u + \epsilon, \; \epsilon \sim N(0, \sigma)$$ where $\phi$ is a filter (e.g. a low-pass filter) and $\epsilon$ is a Gaussian noise. In ...
60 views

### Calculating Data Rate using Bandwidth, Transmission Power, Noise Power Spectrum Density and Channel Gain

I'm a Software Engineering student researching on Load Balancing in IoT and I need to calculate data rate. However, I don't know how to use these values to attain data rate despite searching on the ...
26 views

### Audio callback function for Windows in c++

I'm writing a cross platform c++ based audio library for an app I am creating. For the audio component I am not using any platform specific code. I have a test harness that outputs audio using device ...
33 views

### Upsampling and downsampling signals as a preprocessing step for a neural network

I have audio data acquired from a 4 channels sensors array. As a preprocessing step for a neural network, I want to beamform and focus on the sound source. For higher resolution in the beamforming ...
66 views

### Basic difference between Fourier transform and laplace transform? [duplicate]

I have read few links about difference between Fourier transform and Laplace transform but still not satisfied Please correct me if i am wrong Simply put, the main difference between Fourier ...
31 views

### Conversion from continuous to sampled signal?

I am bit confused regarding sampling as i read different types of statements in different texts Forexample i have a continous time signal $x=sin(t)$ defined for $t=0:10$ and i want to sample it with ...
40 views

### What does this spectrogram mean?This is spectrogram of a multitone FM signal

! The spectrogram of FM signal has been generated by using Matlab.Now I want to what does these scratch like lined represent, though I have only two frequency components in my message signal(https://i....
26 views

### Extract frequency data from MP3 file

I want to do frequency analysis of audio data, basically trying to figure out what the notes are in a song algorithmically. The standard approach is to decode the MP3 into PCM data and run it through ...
21 views

### is there a use for a changing kernel in image convolution

I understand the principle of image convolution. Maybe. I think it is this: You use a small matrix with numbers in it, then take a sample of an image with as many pixels as you have numbers in your ...
58 views

### Bilinear transform with pre-warping for systems other than classical filters

I only seem to be able to find online information about applying bilinear transform + pre-warping to filters (like butterworth, etc.) with only one edge frequency that is purposely 'designed' into it. ...
46 views

### Real time signal smoothing / high pass filter

I am attempting to effectively high-pass a signal sampled in real time at 10kHz, to remove frequency components <= 1 Hz with minimal distortion (due to phase/group delay) of the signal components >...
23 views

### Relation between power spectral density and mean absolute value

The root mean square $$\sigma_{x} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{T}\int_0^T x^2(t) \, \mathrm{d}t}$$ of a finite zero-mean random signal $x(t)$ in the range $0 < t < T$ is related to the signal's power ...
24 views

### um between a random vector and a signal

I have a signal $f(t)$ with its duration is $T_f$. To have the discrete signal $f(n)$, I use a sampling frequency $f_s$. Consequently $L_f=T_f*f_s$. I have a random vector $v$ that has the same length ...
106 views

### Floating point to fixed point in C

I've been trying to make a digital filter. I've used the following transfer function to get my digital coefficients https://gyazo.com/00195ef119f0b2ff93fa5855715abdc9 Which i've then transfered to ...
26 views

### Not sure how to perform ZOH upsampling

Sorry if the question looks pretty naive. My goal is to up-sample a given signal x[n] by a factor of M using the zero order hold interpolation function. The basic idea of up-sampling is to add M-1 ...
15 views

### correlation and coherence functions definition

Could anyone help me about definition of correlation and coherence function in terms brain signal. I need a plain text definition without mathematical definition.
35 views

### Absolute Value z Transform

just a quick question on how to perform z transform and provide the ROC when the sequence is: $$x[n] = 5|n|$$ Thanks!
19 views

### Remove human noise in background from audio signal [on hold]

I am new to signal processing. I have a set of audio signals which has background noise of humans talking. Is there a way to remove the human voice and save the new audio signal. Can i get the code if ...
21 views

### Signal to noise ratio in python [on hold]

How do I compute Signal to noise ratio on Python ? After some research in Google, I found a deprecated function signaltonoise on scipy.stats package.
12 views

### What is a transmission rate of 802.11a WIFI radio?

I am trying to understand the transmission rate at which a WiFi radio sends its packets to other radios ? Like in DSRC (which is 802.11p system) , DSRC Radio broadcasts its message 10 times a second ...
19 views

### The mean value of phase noise as a stochastic process

What is the mean value of phase noise as a stochastic process? Where can I get a theoretical analysis of this topic? PS: PLL produces cos(2*πfct+φ(t)). The phase noise refers to φ(t). The mean value ...
9 views

### Defining the observation matrix for a Linear Kalman Filter

So I'm working on some content for an exam tomorrow and have hit a logical snag. The question can be seen below: In particular I am referring to 5)c). The questions asks for a measurement model to ...
34 views

### How to quantize an Audio Signal?

I have generate a .wav-File with a sample rate of 44100 and a 1Khz Sinus Signal, I want to generate a PDM-Signal from the wav-File for later Neuronal Network processing. I know want to quantize the ...
24 views

### Why entropy value can be used as measure of contrast of an image?

I was looking for value that can measure a contrast of an image. And I found a couple of answers like this one https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13397394/how-to-measure-contrast-in-opencv-visual-c/...
18 views

### How exactly does one apply a Hanning Window for a spectral estimate?

PREAMBLE I am a graduate student researching evolutionary ecology. My supervisor and I have been trying to learn how to simulate colored noise, discretely, by the $\frac{1}{f^\alpha}$ power law for \$\...