Questions tagged [infinite-impulse-response]
Infinite impulse response (IIR) is a property of signal processing systems.
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What is a simple method, if any, to calculate a variable IIR filter for audio effects in real time?
Question edited based on first answer which raised a lot of good points about what problem I'm trying to solve. Also reordered some things to stick context of how I did this with FIR so far at the ...
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37 views
FIR filtering returns “static” signal
//PROBLEM
I'm trying to filter EEG trials from an array in which each trail has dimensions [8x125] = [number of channels x samples@250Hz], but the resulting signal looks static and wrong. Why is this ...
2
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1answer
32 views
IIR Filter: check for limit-cycle oscilations
So I am studying IIR filters and I came to read about limit-cycle oscillations in IIR filters. From what I understand that are two type of oscillations
granularity limit-cycle: when signal levels ...
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2answers
45 views
IIR Filter Stability
I have designed an inverse IIR high pass filter by inverting its transfer function B(z)/A(z) to A(z)/B(z). However, the inverse filter has a pole at z=-1.
Is this filter considered stable (marginally ...
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33 views
Who first coined “Direct Form I” and “Direct Form II”?
I see "Direct Form I" and "Direct Form II" commonly in literature to refer to FIR / IIR implementation from the filter transfer function, and reference it myself, but where did ...
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1answer
57 views
Sinewave generation with an IIR filter (suggested books)
In this tutorial http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/pcheung/teaching/ee3_Study_Project/Sinewave%20Generation(708).pdf
an algorithm to generate a sinewave through an IIR filter is described. On page 2 it is stated:...
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2answers
82 views
Difference equation to FIR filter coefficients
I have a difference equation
$$y[n] = y[n-1] + 0.5x[n] - 0.5x[n-2] \text{.}$$
According to this answer, the filter should have finite impulse response. I just can't figure out how to get the FIR ...
0
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1answer
24 views
inverse z transform performed on 6th order IIR filter
we are told to find coefficients and impulse response of IIR filter of order of 6. There are 6 zeros and 6 poles in the design. Pole and zero pairs are conjugate and poles are within the unit circle ...
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1answer
32 views
Frequency domain filtering: must filter coefficients always be conjugate symetric?
While trying to do frequency domain filtering of audio signals using windowed overlap-add methodology, I came across some pre-calculated frequency domain coefficients. I noticed that the coefficients, ...
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1answer
30 views
Digital Filters
If I want to remove the baseline drift in my ECG signal, which digital filter should be used without distortion and shift in my filtered output?
What are the necessary things I have to look for the ...
0
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1answer
52 views
Reconstructing input from the output of a known discrete-time IIR filter
I have known discrete-time IIR filter. I pass a signal x(n) through the filter and obtain the output y(n). How would I design a filter to obtain x(n) from y(n)?
In general, is it possible to design ...
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2answers
49 views
How to check if a signal is mainly composed of a few impulse peaks?
I am working on a problem that produces different types signals, and I need to detect the peaks after low-pass filtering, then find_peaks from ...
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1answer
59 views
Output power of a signal passing through an IIR filter
suppose I have the following discrete time signal
$x\left(n\right)=0.7\sin\left(2\pi \times 623\:nT\right)$
where $N=4000$ and $T=\frac{1}{f_s}$, where $f_s=40$ kHz
I pass this signal through a simple ...
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1answer
70 views
IIR implementation - RuntimeWarning: overflow encountered in double_scalars [closed]
I have implemented a butter filter in python using this function:
...
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1answer
16 views
What is difference between “Direct form” and “Normal Direct form”?
What is difference between "Direct form" and "Normal Direct form"?
I was reading about filters implementations(structures) and found out both words "direct form"and "...
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1answer
29 views
How to apply the gain factor G to SOS coefficients when designing a IIR filter on sptool (MATLAB)?
After designing an IIR filter on sptool, I export the coefficients (SOS) and gain (G) into a .mat file. When filtering, we can use sosfilt(SOS, x), which results in the correct output but with the ...
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2answers
738 views
Recursive, non-recursive systems; FIR, IIR systems
I am confused with the classifications of an LTI system as recursive or non-recursive systems and FIR or IIR systems.
I understood what the FIR and an IIR systems are, but is it correct to say that ...
4
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3answers
130 views
Practical IIR filter implementation
I'm trying to implement a digital IIR filter on an FPGA and would be happy for some inputs regarding the actual digital implementation. I don't have a lot of experience with FPGAs and digital filters ...
0
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2answers
120 views
How to implement a high pass filter digitally to remove the dc offset from sensor data
I'm trying to implement a high pass filter on sensor data to remove the dc offset. I'm aware I can subtract the mean of the data but I'm looking for a frequency domain approach. I've used the matlab's ...
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0answers
83 views
Implementing an IIR filter in Pytorch using RNN with no nonlinearity
Is it possible to implement an RNN layer with no nonlinearity in Pytorch like in Keras where one can set the activation to linear? By removing the nonlinearlity, I want to implement a first-order ...
0
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1answer
45 views
Digital lowpass filter causing aliasing
I'm writing a biquad filter program in C++, using the LBJ Cookbook as the source for the formulas. https://webaudio.github.io/Audio-EQ-Cookbook/audio-eq-cookbook.html
The lowpass filter that I've made ...
0
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1answer
124 views
IIR initial condition / state meaning
I am studying filters, in particular the Infinite Impulse Response ones.
I digged into theory and practice and I gain some decent knowledge on the topic. However, I can't really figure out or find ...
0
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1answer
155 views
How to find Cutoff frequencies (f1 &f2) for a narrow band pass filter for a particular central frequency?
This is a basic filter question I think.
I want to define a narrow bandpass filter's cutoff frequencies (f1 & f2) for a particular central frequency (fc) in iir filter
I think in this case
...
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0answers
40 views
Does my filter desing for unusual EEG experiment looks good?
I have made some progress since my last question, and again I am asking you for advice.
Hi,
I'm still designing an unusual (in terms of signal analysis) EEG experiment, which forces me to design my ...
2
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1answer
122 views
What is the relationship between group delay and propagation delay for a filter? [duplicate]
I was trying to design a filter for a system and I was able to obtain the group delay plot in matlab using grpdelay. The group delay output is in samples. However, I was not able to relate that data ...
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52 views
Matlab group delay not corresponding to reality
I studying effects of digital filters group delay (IIR). In Matlab there is a function grpdelay which allows for particular frequency get a value of delay in samples
But after filter applying and ...
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1answer
58 views
trying to reproduce the behavior of initial conditions for the filter delays of scipy lfilter with R
I'm trying to reproduce the behavior of lfilter and lfilter_zi (from scipy) in R (using signal package if possible).
This is the example provided by ...
2
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0answers
67 views
Stability of filters with negative phase delay, group delay, and positive phase
Lets assume I have an IIR filter with :
bz = [1.0195 0 0];
az = [1 0.0166 0.0020];
fvtool(bz,az)
The filter is stable as i can see.
If you check the phase delay ...
0
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1answer
39 views
Impulse Response for an Anti Causal Linear Shift Invariant System
I have a system given by
$$y[n] - \frac{1}{4} y[n-1] - \frac{1}{8} y[n-2] =3x[n] $$
I'm asked to determine the impulse response of both an anti-causal and a causal Linear Shift Invariant System ...
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0answers
40 views
How to design IIR digital filters
Practical Infinite-Impulse-Response (IIR) filters are usually based upon analogue equivalents (Butterworth, Chebyshev, etc.), using a transformation known as the bilinear transformation which maps the ...
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Stopband's edges in bandpass IIR filter in MATLAB
I've tried to get an IIR bandpass filter having the passband [0.1,0.5] Hz and working at the sampling frequency 8 Hz using the following command:
...
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0answers
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What are the equations for magnitude plots of the common IIR filters? (Are the ones I have so far correct?)
I need equations that describe the magnitude plots of basic IIR filter types. I had looked into this a few years ago and saved some equations but it only covers part of what I need, and I can't recall ...
0
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1answer
40 views
Is there an equation that will graph the shape or predict the maximum amplitude of a single sample impulse fed through a One-Pole LPF?
If you feed a single sample impulse of a given amplitude through a One-Pole LPF you get an envelope that looks like this:
The output of the LPF from its peak will settle into an exponential decay ...
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0answers
30 views
what is purpose of IIR filter? [duplicate]
I am working on Digital Signal Processing. I know theory very well but I don't understand why IIR filter is used in place of FIR. What is advantage?
0
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2answers
90 views
Summation of two IIR filters
Actually my question is how to get the weighted average of two or three IIR filters given their transfer functions, which is nearly equal to this question. How to calculate the total transfer function ...
0
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1answer
589 views
simple iir filter implementation in C++
I am programming the simplest way of implementing and IIR filter. However, I am struggling with the use of buffers. Do any of you have any simple implementation of an IIR filter implementing manually ...
2
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2answers
93 views
When is the sum of two (parallel) minimum-phase filters also minimum-phase?
Say I have two minimum-phase filters:
$$\frac{A(z)}{B(z)} \: \text{ and } \: \frac{C(z)}{D(z)}$$
That is, the roots of $A(z)$, $B(z)$, $C(z)$ and $D(z)$ are all in the stable region.
If add them ...
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0answers
35 views
How to take multiple IIR filters efficiently
I have a collection of IIR filters (exponential decay at various decay rates). I'd like to compute all of them on a discrete time series efficiently.
Is there a way to do this that is faster than $$O(\...
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0answers
22 views
Yule Walker with Exponential Filters
I’m running an auto regressive model with IIR exponentially decaying filters.
Let $V$ be the input dataset and let $X_s$ be $V$ convoluted with an causal exponential IIR low-pass filter with decay ...
0
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0answers
35 views
How to compute autocorrelation with exponential IIR filter efficiently
I have a discrete dataset (called V). I want to compute the autocorrelation of V at multiple time horizons. Normally I know that I can use the IFFT of the PSD. But in my case I need it with ...
2
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2answers
240 views
How can initial conditions be taken into account to calculate a system's terminal value using the final value theorem or some other technique
I wish to calculate the Final Value of the following system given initial conditions not at rest, and assuming the X will not change from its initial condition value.
The transfer function is
$$H(z) = ...
0
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1answer
42 views
What does poles in unit circles center mean?
Suppose i have all my poles in unit circle center. What kind of information this gives me?
Can i determine if this filter is IIR or FIR?
2
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1answer
81 views
Approximation and IIR Filters
Consider the discrete-time time-invariant system with input $x[n]$ and
output $y[n]$ satisfying
$$y[n] = \sum_{k=1}^5{x[n-k]}$$
Consider approximating the desired system with a second-order IIR
system ...
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3answers
337 views
How to practically correct for group delay imposed by a digital filter (Python)
I'm using Python to filter a signal using a Butterworth filter (scipy.signal.butter) and subsequently passing this through a forward-backward filter with cascaded second order sections (scipy.signal....
2
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1answer
195 views
Frequency response of a digital state variable (Chamberlin) filter
I recently implemented a digital state filter based on the recommendation here. I've tested this filter's performance as a very low cutoff low-pass filter with limited coefficient quantization ...
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2answers
124 views
Mitigate floating-point numerical errors for very-low corner frequency low-pass filter with DSP
I'm designing a low-pass filter for a digital signal processing application that ideally just passes a very small bandwidth above DC. I'm using an IIR biquad filter for this, where the coefficients ...
0
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1answer
62 views
What is the purpose of the recurrence relation in low and high pass (audio) filters?
Newbie here. I'm familiar with time and frequency domains from math. I think I understand what low and high pass filters do, sonically. But digging into an implementation of ...
0
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1answer
104 views
Why does Pre-warping work with a notch filter but not a low pass filter?
Hey guys a little bit of a continuation from a previous post I made here, I found the solution as why the pre-warping was not working at the time,
However I was just playing around and found out pre ...
1
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1answer
248 views
IIR filter relationship between number of poles, order and second order sections
I have ported Iowa Hills Code Kit to a mcu to calculate IIR filter coefficients. They are used to initialize the CMSIS Biquad Cascade IIR Filters Using a Direct Form II Transposed Structure.
Trying to ...
3
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2answers
665 views
Are IIR filters (and specifically Butterworth filter) causal?
I am new to signal processing. I am learning now about filtering and I am trying to implement high pass filter (HPF),and later band-pass filter (BPF). I implement the filters in ...
