Signal Processing

Questions tagged [infinite-impulse-response]

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Infinite impulse response (IIR) is a property of signal processing systems.

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Transposed direct form 1 vs Transposed direct form 2

I am studying IIR filters and their implementation. I am following the material published by Julius Orion Smith at Stanford. In particular, I am reading this page at the moment. It explains all the ...
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Understanding the Chebyshev2 Bandpass Filter Poles-Zeros Plot

EDIT This ended up being a bug with my plotting code :) I'm relatively new to using IIR filters, I wanted a bandpass filter for the 0.5Hz -> 5.0Hz frequency range and was looking at the zero-pole ...
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Chebyshev Filter design using bilinear transformation-2 methods-2 transfer functions-which is right and which is wrong?

I got myself a book after looking the advice from stackexchange, it has been so far helpful for me. But I got confused in this numerical given in the book. The other method is this-: https://www....
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What is true for a normalised filter?

Somewhere I am seeing $\Omega_c=1\;somewhere \; \Omega_p=1$ What is the truth? Based on the sources I have referred, I believe it is $\Omega_p=1$. But I am not sure.
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Getting different values for order of filter using Chebyshev method-:

Here are the 2 solutions. I am getting 2 different values of order of filter for the given question. Which is wrong and which is right? Or are both right? Please guide $|H(j\Omega)|=-20\log_{10}\...
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Digital IIR LPF Difference Equation from Transfer Function

I want a digital IIR filter with f0=225kHz and fs=53.125GHz. I can come up with the transfer function and plot it using Matlab. ...
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Butterworth Filter Transfer Function

Butterworth Filter frequency response is given as: $$H_a(j\Omega)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{{1+\left(\frac{\Omega}{\Omega_c}\right)^{2N}}}}\quad \text{where $N$ is the order of the filter}$$ and for the transfer ...
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Estimating reverberant time (T60) of an IIR filter

I'm learning a method to genenrate pink noise by filtering a white noise in this book, and the author mentioned an estimation of T60 given the coefficients of an IIR filter in the code that ...
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How to read the filter IIR design numericals specifications?

First of all I want to let you know about notations that I am using-: $\alpha_p$=attenuation factor of passband(in dB) $\alpha_s$=attenuation factor of stopband (in dB) $A_p$=Gain at passband edge ...
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Why does the Direct form I become our first choice for fixed-point implementation?

I heard that the Direct form II transposed is better for floating-point and the Direct form I is better for fixed-point. Is it true? I understand that DF2 and DF1T should never be used in fixed-point ...
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Determine transfer function based on a diagram with ai coefficients given

From a diagram with input $x(n)$ a summer and three feedback delay taps I get the difference equation... $$y(n) = x(n)+a_1y(n-1)+a_2y(n-2)+a_3y(n-3)$$ Then I am given values for ai coefficients. Case1:...
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How to find Lattice structure when k3=1?

I could not type this so I got a snip shot. Pardon me for that. Here k3=-1. That means the formula Here we will get x/0=∞. How to solve this question?
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What is the best concise mathematical notation for applying an IIR filter to a signal?

For denoting the application of an FIR filter with impulse response $\mathbf{k}$ to a signal $\mathbf{x}$ in time domain, we can use the convolution operation, i.e., $\mathbf{x}*\mathbf{k}$. What is ...
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how to convert the zeros of an odd order Chebyshev Type II from low-pass prototype?

My DSP book (Rabiner, Lawrence R., and Bernard Gold. "Theory and application of digital signal processing." Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall (1975).) has the following transformations for ...
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Aritifacts of time-varying IIR filters

I'm doing something like spatial audio algorithm using IIR modelled HRTFs. At each frame I get a direction information with azimuth and elevation, and then I have to find or interpolate the ...
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145 views

What is a simple method, if any, to calculate a variable IIR filter for audio effects in real time?

Question edited based on first answer which raised a lot of good points about what problem I'm trying to solve. Also reordered some things to stick context of how I did this with FIR so far at the ...
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FIR filtering returns "static" signal

//PROBLEM I'm trying to filter EEG trials from an array in which each trail has dimensions [8x125] = [number of channels x samples@250Hz], but the resulting signal looks static and wrong. Why is this ...
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IIR Filter: check for limit-cycle oscilations

So I am studying IIR filters and I came to read about limit-cycle oscillations in IIR filters. From what I understand that are two type of oscillations granularity limit-cycle: when signal levels ...
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52 views

IIR Filter Stability

I have designed an inverse IIR high pass filter by inverting its transfer function B(z)/A(z) to A(z)/B(z). However, the inverse filter has a pole at z=-1. Is this filter considered stable (marginally ...
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Who first coined "Direct Form I" and "Direct Form II"?

I see "Direct Form I" and "Direct Form II" commonly in literature to refer to FIR / IIR implementation from the filter transfer function, and reference it myself, but where did ...
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Sinewave generation with an IIR filter (suggested books)

In this tutorial http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/pcheung/teaching/ee3_Study_Project/Sinewave%20Generation(708).pdf an algorithm to generate a sinewave through an IIR filter is described. On page 2 it is stated:...
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Difference equation to FIR filter coefficients

I have a difference equation $$y[n] = y[n-1] + 0.5x[n] - 0.5x[n-2] \text{.}$$ According to this answer, the filter should have finite impulse response. I just can't figure out how to get the FIR ...
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inverse z transform performed on 6th order IIR filter

we are told to find coefficients and impulse response of IIR filter of order of 6. There are 6 zeros and 6 poles in the design. Pole and zero pairs are conjugate and poles are within the unit circle ...
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51 views

Frequency domain filtering: must filter coefficients always be conjugate symetric?

While trying to do frequency domain filtering of audio signals using windowed overlap-add methodology, I came across some pre-calculated frequency domain coefficients. I noticed that the coefficients, ...
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Digital Filters

If I want to remove the baseline drift in my ECG signal, which digital filter should be used without distortion and shift in my filtered output? What are the necessary things I have to look for the ...
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Reconstructing input from the output of a known discrete-time IIR filter

I have known discrete-time IIR filter. I pass a signal x(n) through the filter and obtain the output y(n). How would I design a filter to obtain x(n) from y(n)? In general, is it possible to design ...
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How to check if a signal is mainly composed of a few impulse peaks?

I am working on a problem that produces different types signals, and I need to detect the peaks after low-pass filtering, then find_peaks from ...
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69 views

Output power of a signal passing through an IIR filter

suppose I have the following discrete time signal $x\left(n\right)=0.7\sin\left(2\pi \times 623\:nT\right)$ where $N=4000$ and $T=\frac{1}{f_s}$, where $f_s=40$ kHz I pass this signal through a simple ...
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165 views

IIR implementation - RuntimeWarning: overflow encountered in double_scalars [closed]

I have implemented a butter filter in python using this function: ...
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What is difference between "Direct form" and "Normal Direct form"?

What is difference between "Direct form" and "Normal Direct form"? I was reading about filters implementations(structures) and found out both words "direct form"and "...
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77 views

How to apply the gain factor G to SOS coefficients when designing a IIR filter on sptool (MATLAB)?

After designing an IIR filter on sptool, I export the coefficients (SOS) and gain (G) into a .mat file. When filtering, we can use sosfilt(SOS, x), which results in the correct output but with the ...
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903 views

Recursive, non-recursive systems; FIR, IIR systems

I am confused with the classifications of an LTI system as recursive or non-recursive systems and FIR or IIR systems. I understood what the FIR and an IIR systems are, but is it correct to say that ...
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Practical IIR filter implementation

I'm trying to implement a digital IIR filter on an FPGA and would be happy for some inputs regarding the actual digital implementation. I don't have a lot of experience with FPGAs and digital filters ...
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325 views

How to implement a high pass filter digitally to remove the dc offset from sensor data

I'm trying to implement a high pass filter on sensor data to remove the dc offset. I'm aware I can subtract the mean of the data but I'm looking for a frequency domain approach. I've used the matlab's ...
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Implementing an IIR filter in Pytorch using RNN with no nonlinearity

Is it possible to implement an RNN layer with no nonlinearity in Pytorch like in Keras where one can set the activation to linear? By removing the nonlinearlity, I want to implement a first-order ...
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46 views

Digital lowpass filter causing aliasing

I'm writing a biquad filter program in C++, using the LBJ Cookbook as the source for the formulas. https://webaudio.github.io/Audio-EQ-Cookbook/audio-eq-cookbook.html The lowpass filter that I've made ...
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203 views

IIR initial condition / state meaning

I am studying filters, in particular the Infinite Impulse Response ones. I digged into theory and practice and I gain some decent knowledge on the topic. However, I can't really figure out or find ...
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230 views

How to find Cutoff frequencies (f1 &f2) for a narrow band pass filter for a particular central frequency?

This is a basic filter question I think. I want to define a narrow bandpass filter's cutoff frequencies (f1 & f2) for a particular central frequency (fc) in iir filter I think in this case ...
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Does my filter desing for unusual EEG experiment looks good?

I have made some progress since my last question, and again I am asking you for advice. Hi, I'm still designing an unusual (in terms of signal analysis) EEG experiment, which forces me to design my ...
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163 views

What is the relationship between group delay and propagation delay for a filter? [duplicate]

I was trying to design a filter for a system and I was able to obtain the group delay plot in matlab using grpdelay. The group delay output is in samples. However, I was not able to relate that data ...
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Matlab group delay not corresponding to reality

I studying effects of digital filters group delay (IIR). In Matlab there is a function grpdelay which allows for particular frequency get a value of delay in samples But after filter applying and ...
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trying to reproduce the behavior of initial conditions for the filter delays of scipy lfilter with R

I'm trying to reproduce the behavior of lfilter and lfilter_zi (from scipy) in R (using signal package if possible). This is the example provided by ...
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Stability of filters with negative phase delay, group delay, and positive phase

Lets assume I have an IIR filter with : bz = [1.0195 0 0]; az = [1 0.0166 0.0020]; fvtool(bz,az) The filter is stable as i can see. If you check the phase delay ...
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Impulse Response for an Anti Causal Linear Shift Invariant System

I have a system given by $$y[n] - \frac{1}{4} y[n-1] - \frac{1}{8} y[n-2] =3x[n] $$ I'm asked to determine the impulse response of both an anti-causal and a causal Linear Shift Invariant System ...
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How to design IIR digital filters

Practical Infinite-Impulse-Response (IIR) filters are usually based upon analogue equivalents (Butterworth, Chebyshev, etc.), using a transformation known as the bilinear transformation which maps the ...
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Stopband's edges in bandpass IIR filter in MATLAB

I've tried to get an IIR bandpass filter having the passband [0.1,0.5] Hz and working at the sampling frequency 8 Hz using the following command: ...
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What are the equations for magnitude plots of the common IIR filters? (Are the ones I have so far correct?)

I need equations that describe the magnitude plots of basic IIR filter types. I had looked into this a few years ago and saved some equations but it only covers part of what I need, and I can't recall ...
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Is there an equation that will graph the shape or predict the maximum amplitude of a single sample impulse fed through a One-Pole LPF?

If you feed a single sample impulse of a given amplitude through a One-Pole LPF you get an envelope that looks like this: The output of the LPF from its peak will settle into an exponential decay ...
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what is purpose of IIR filter? [duplicate]

I am working on Digital Signal Processing. I know theory very well but I don't understand why IIR filter is used in place of FIR. What is advantage?
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109 views

Summation of two IIR filters

Actually my question is how to get the weighted average of two or three IIR filters given their transfer functions, which is nearly equal to this question. How to calculate the total transfer function ...

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