Questions tagged [infinite-impulse-response]
Infinite impulse response (IIR) is a property of signal processing systems.
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questions
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simple iir filter implementation in C++
I am programming the simplest way of implementing and IIR filter. However, I am struggling with the use of buffers. Do any of you have any simple implementation of an IIR filter implementing manually ...
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2answers
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When is the sum of two (parallel) minimum-phase filters also minimum-phase?
Say I have two minimum-phase filters:
$$\frac{A(z)}{B(z)} \: \text{ and } \: \frac{C(z)}{D(z)}$$
That is, the roots of $A(z)$, $B(z)$, $C(z)$ and $D(z)$ are all in the stable region.
If add them ...
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How to take multiple IIR filters efficiently
I have a collection of IIR filters (exponential decay at various decay rates). I'd like to compute all of them on a discrete time series efficiently.
Is there a way to do this that is faster than $$O(\...
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17 views
Yule Walker with Exponential Filters
I’m running an auto regressive model with IIR exponentially decaying filters.
Let $V$ be the input dataset and let $X_s$ be $V$ convoluted with an causal exponential IIR low-pass filter with decay ...
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How to compute autocorrelation with exponential IIR filter efficiently
I have a discrete dataset (called V). I want to compute the autocorrelation of V at multiple time horizons. Normally I know that I can use the IFFT of the PSD. But in my case I need it with ...
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2answers
195 views
How can initial conditions be taken into account to calculate a system's terminal value using the final value theorem or some other technique
I wish to calculate the Final Value of the following system given initial conditions not at rest, and assuming the X will not change from its initial condition value.
The transfer function is
$$H(z) = ...
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1answer
35 views
What does poles in unit circles center mean?
Suppose i have all my poles in unit circle center. What kind of information this gives me?
Can i determine if this filter is IIR or FIR?
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1answer
77 views
Approximation and IIR Filters
Consider the discrete-time time-invariant system with input $x[n]$ and
output $y[n]$ satisfying
$$y[n] = \sum_{k=1}^5{x[n-k]}$$
Consider approximating the desired system with a second-order IIR
system ...
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3answers
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How to practically correct for group delay imposed by a digital filter (Python)
I'm using Python to filter a signal using a Butterworth filter (scipy.signal.butter) and subsequently passing this through a forward-backward filter with cascaded second order sections (scipy.signal....
1
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1answer
83 views
Frequency response of a digital state variable (Chamberlin) filter
I recently implemented a digital state filter based on the recommendation here. I've tested this filter's performance as a very low cutoff low-pass filter with limited coefficient quantization ...
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2answers
86 views
Mitigate floating-point numerical errors for very-low corner frequency low-pass filter with DSP
I'm designing a low-pass filter for a digital signal processing application that ideally just passes a very small bandwidth above DC. I'm using an IIR biquad filter for this, where the coefficients ...
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1answer
28 views
What is the purpose of the recurrence relation in low and high pass (audio) filters?
Newbie here. I'm familiar with time and frequency domains from math. I think I understand what low and high pass filters do, sonically. But digging into an implementation of ...
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1answer
30 views
Why does Pre-warping work with a notch filter but not a low pass filter?
Hey guys a little bit of a continuation from a previous post I made here, I found the solution as why the pre-warping was not working at the time,
However I was just playing around and found out pre ...
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1answer
73 views
IIR filter relationship between number of poles, order and second order sections
I have ported Iowa Hills Code Kit to a mcu to calculate IIR filter coefficients. They are used to initialize the CMSIS Biquad Cascade IIR Filters Using a Direct Form II Transposed Structure.
Trying to ...
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2answers
314 views
Are IIR filters (and specifically Butterworth filter) causal?
I am new to signal processing. I am learning now about filtering and I am trying to implement high pass filter (HPF),and later band-pass filter (BPF). I implement the filters in ...
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1answer
49 views
What is the best way(In terms of speed) to implement a direct form type 2 IIR Filter in VHDL?
I am trying to implement a 4th order direct form type II IIR filter in VHDL(Specifically, in xilinx FPGA) and when i implement it i get correct output yet very low maximum clock rate(Around 80 Mhz).
...
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27 views
IIR bandpass filter with very low corner frequencies
I'm trying to get in the MATLAB Signal Processing Toolbox a bandpass IIR filter having the following specifications: pass-band [0.1-0.5] Hz and stop-band attenuation 30 dB. I'm using the following ...
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2answers
68 views
Question about ideal filters
Following shows the discrete time Fourier transform of an ideal low pass filter with cutoff frequency $\omega_c$:
$$H\left(e^{j\omega}\right) =
\begin{cases}
1, & \text{if $|\omega| \le \omega_c$...
3
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2answers
211 views
Notch filter: differences between IIR and FIR filters
I'm trying to understand this great answer from Matt L. . It's said that "One advantage of IIR filters is that steep filters with high stopband attenuation can be realized with much fewer ...
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2answers
965 views
How do software equalizers work?
Recently, I have been studying IIR and FIR filters, and trying to create a parametric equalizer using a microcontroller. More specifically, I use the ADC on it to sample the audio at about 44 kHz, and ...
1
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1answer
92 views
Frequency conversion in IIR lowpass-to-lowpass transformation
We use
$\ z^{-1} \xrightarrow{} \frac{z^{-1}-\alpha}{1-{\alpha}z^{-1}}$
and
$ \alpha = \frac{\sin(\omega_c^{'}-\omega_c)/2}{\sin(\omega_c^{'}+\omega_c)/2}$
for a lowpass-to-lowpass frequency ...
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1answer
56 views
Calculation of gain at certain frequency in case of nth order IIR filter
There is this method for to set 0dB gain to be at wanted frequency (fc) (Octave/Matlab example for biquad LPF):
...
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1answer
70 views
Highpass filter square wave
Generated a 1kHz square wave in Audacity and normalized it to 0dB (fs = 44100Hz):
Added a 24dB/oct high pass filter (std Audacity plug-in), cutoff frequency set to 100Hz. Result:
Zoomed version:
...
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1answer
43 views
3 dB bandwidth of a filter
I am solving one of the question from signal processing about calculating the 3dB bandwidth of the filter. But I am stuck once I got the magnitude response of the filter. Can someone help me with this?...
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1answer
66 views
Stop band ripple vs stop band attenuation
What is difference between stop band ripple and stop band attenuation in context of filters?
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Fixed Point, Time Domain and Freq Domain Filter Difference
I am trying to compare my IIR filter in time domain and freq domain, but i am getting different results which i dont understand why ?. So please help me out in understanding the issue.
My code is :
<...
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2answers
243 views
Resources for learning about filters from scratch?
Topic of filters is very important in signal processing
So i want to learn about filters from scratch and then eventually reaching FIR and IIR filters
I have some idea about low pass,high pass,band ...
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0answers
43 views
what rule has coefficients to follow for an IIR filter to be stable? [duplicate]
I'd like to play with IIR filters, but not by designing them with algorithm but rather play with the coefficients directly.
i got a stability problem though, because of course IIR filters are ...
0
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1answer
67 views
Calculating IIR Filter gain at given frequency
Let's consider an IIR filter with transfer function: $H(z)$.
Given the sampling frequency $F_s$ how can I calculate gain at say $F$ ?
When I was dealing with analog systems when I wanted to calculate ...
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1answer
36 views
Direct form 1 filter equation for a biquad filter
In general, we all know that the direct form 1 equation for a biquad filter is given by
$$y(n) = b_0x(n) + b_1x(n-1) + b_2x(n-2) - a_1y(n-1) - a_2y(n-2)$$
But when it comes to practical applications ...
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2answers
190 views
3 dB cut-off frequency of first-order IIR high-pass filter
As descipbed in this great answer (thank you Matt L.), the suggested exact formula was very precise.
I need a first order high-pass with similar precision.
EDIT: (clarification)
The low-pass filter ...
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1answer
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changing filtering “speed” (cutoff frequency) of an IIR filter knowing only its coefficients
i got an IIR filter bu I have only the coefficients.
now i'd like to be able to change the filter characteristics of the low pass filter (the "cutoff" frequency) but all i got are a and b ...
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2answers
117 views
Coefficient Scaling of IIR filter to obtain unity gain response
I am designing a 2nd order IIR digital filter :
My tf equation with coefficients is
...
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1answer
73 views
How to apply band-pass filter and get the filtered back from frequency to time domain in python?
I know this is basic for signal processing, but, I am not sure what is wrong about my approach. I have a signal that behaves as damped sine signal with a sampling frequency of 5076Hz and 15,000 number ...
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1answer
62 views
calculate fft convolution for an LTI system given its input (in time domain) and its poles and zeros
I have considered taking the fft (MatLab) of the input (x) and create frequency bins for the first half (problems with an odd number of samples, tried solution zero paddings) and evaluate the transfer ...
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1answer
79 views
How to improve accuracy while converting floating point coefficients to fixed point in the case of an all pole IIR filter
I am having an all pole IIR filter of order 5 with floating point filter coefficients
...
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3answers
72 views
Is there a simpler way to calculate the amplitude response of the following filter
I would like to calculate the amplitude response $|H(z)|$, $z=e^{j\omega}$, of the following filter:
$$H(z)=\frac{\frac{b}{2}+z^{-2}}{2+bz^{-2}}$$
and I would like to avoid using Euler's formula and ...
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2answers
81 views
Calculating the true values of biquad filter coefficients from normalized form
I have a C code in which the IIR filter(BiQuad) uses only 4 (normalized) coefficients per stage (a2/a0,a1/a0,b2/b0,b1/b0) instead of 6 coefficients (a0,a1,a2,b0,b1,b2). I know that the value of a0 is ...
0
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1answer
17 views
A question about the Commutativity Property in discrete signals block diagrams
According to the Commutativity Property of block diagrams, we can place b0 at the entrance or at the exit of the block diagram, it wouldn't matter.
My question is, if we placed it at the entrance, we ...
0
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1answer
61 views
Comparison of results with Direct form1 and Direct form2 implementation of IIR filters
The results obtained from Direct form1 and Direct form2 implementations (in C language) of IIR (BiQuad) filters are a little different. In the implementation, i have made the b0 coefficient as 1. So, ...
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47 views
Droop compensation - How to do it?
Lets say i have a LPF response that has some kind of droop (some attenaution in the passband, usually could be due to cic filter how to make CIC compensation filter,,,, or can also be due to large ...
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0answers
26 views
Calculating Transfer function numerator and denominator from the rationalfit model
I have a frequency response data called 'AC_data' which is a vector of complex numbers (real and imaginary part) at different frequency points.
I have calculated a rationalfit model for the AC_data ...
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43 views
IIR filter relaxation time computation
Let's define the relaxation time of a filter as the delay needed for the impulse response of a filter to reach and remain under an amplitude threshold.
Is there a closed-form solution to the ...
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1answer
90 views
Trouble showing Time Invariance of recursive system
The system is described with the following recursive differences equation:
$$y[n]-4y[n-1]+4y[n-2]=20x[n]+10x[n-1]$$
now lets say the input is delayed by k, then:
$$y[n]-4y[n-1]+4y[n-2]=20x[n-k]+10x[...
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1answer
68 views
Polynomial division to separate FIR and IIR in cascade
I have a FIR filter $L(z)$ and an IIR filter $H(z) = \frac{B(z)}{A(z)}$ which are cascaded together as $L(z)H(z) = L(z)\frac{B(z)}{A(z)}$.
For specific reasons I want to calculate a parallel topology ...
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1answer
436 views
Why can't realisable IIR filters have linear phase?
I am studying IIR Filter Design and came across this arbitrary statement in my textbook which says that 'physically realisable and stable IIR filters can not have linear phase'. Would really ...
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1answer
40 views
Is this the correct solution for finding the samples of phase delay at a given frequency of an IIR BiQuad filter?
I want to calculate the number of samples of phase delay at a given frequency of an IIR BiQuad Filter. I believe I have solved this, but I would like to confirm I have done it correctly. My work is as ...
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3answers
71 views
Invertibility of an ideal differentiator
Is the system $y(t)= dx(t)/dt$ invertible or not?
If yes, please determine the inverse system for it.
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2answers
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What's wrong with this implementation of my IIR filter?
I posted this originally in the electronics stack exchange, as it's for an electronic purpose (digitally controlled boost) but it was pointed out to me that this would be the more appropriate place - ...
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2answers
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what is matlab function is taking as sign of second order IIR filter?
I am getting confused from the implementation regarding matlab function filter([b0,b1,b2],[a1,a2],x) and other function similar as ...
