Questions tagged [fourier-transform]
The Fourier transform is a mathematical operation that decomposes a function into its constituent frequencies, known as a frequency spectrum.
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Formula for PSD across an axis of a 2D output
Consider a 2D stationary input $e(x,y)$ and a 2D real convolution function $h(x,y)$. Let $S=h*e$ be the result of the convolution of $e$ by $h$.
If needed, we may assume $e$ is isotropic (spectrum ...
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Phase difference measurement of a signal sampled with two different sampling frequencies
I am working on phase interferometry for locating a transmitter. The direction of arrival of an incident wave can be estimated from the phase difference caused by the antenna separation as shown
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I want to invert my fourier transform components to waves again
Hi I am using R to analyze some data
I basically did fft(data) and got a vector of complex numbers but from that now I want to remove certain harmonics from my actual wave but how do I convert one of ...
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Does constant Q transform have linearity property in the transformed domain?
With FFT, I sometimes take advantage of the fact that I can pre-calculate a signals Fourier Transform, and then you can add the noise in the spectral domain:
$$ \mathscr{F} (x[n] + h[n]) = \mathscr{F}...
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Difference between Fourier-Transform and FFT of rectangular pulse
I'm trying to find a link between the Fourier-Transformation of aperiodic Signals and the FFT of them.
So to start with a basic example, let's take a rectangular pulse with width 0.1s and amplitude of ...
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redundancy of sin and cos waves with real data
I have the following question. Isn't it true that when applying a fourier transform to a real function (i.e. computing a characteristic function for a density), we only ever need one of the two waves: ...
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LTI system output given input and frequency response
The question I'm trying to understand is as follows: A linear time-invariant continuous-time system has the frequency response function $$H(\omega)=\frac{1}{j\omega+1} $$
Compute the output response $...
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Does spectral leakage include negative frequencies?
When choosing a window function, window duration, and/or transmission frequency (assuming sampling rate satisfies Nyquist), one may want to understand what sort of spectral leakage would occur at a ...
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Spherical equivalent of Nyquist frequency
Let $\phi$ be a scalar function defined on the surface of a sphere. I have samples of $\phi$ at various locations on the sphere. I want to apply a spherical harmonic transform. I know that $\phi$ is '...
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Fourier transformed acceleration from Fourier Transform of velocity and position using Omega arithmetic
Let's say the position of an object is given by simple sine function. By elementary calculus, I can calculate the acceleration in the time domain and find its Fourier transform.
I can also calculate ...
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Impulse response of a transfer function
Lets say we have a transfer function from an LTI-system that goes as follows, and we want the impulse response for it:
$$\frac{10\cdot e^{\left(-\mathrm{i}\right)\cdot \pi\cdot f\cdot 8}}{5+\mathrm{i}\...
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Is a Fourier transform a sound way to analyse a transient signal?
I am currently working on a project that involves analysing transient signals from sensors.
While not actually part of the analysis itself, I discussed it with the team, and they are using an fft to ...
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Convolution of a non-symmetrical window function by a cosine signal in the frequency domain
A have a time signal:
The associated DFT spectrum of this signal:
The time signal can be considered as a non-symmetrical rectangular window function multiplied by a cosine signal with a frequency $...
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turn circular convolution into linear convolution by zero padding: A special case
We know that, multiplying a kernel and signal spectrum in Fourier domain will lead to a circular convolution and not a linear convolution, so in order to it become linear convolution we must zero pad ...
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Fourier transform of discrete time unit step function [duplicate]
To obtain fourier transform of u[n],
u[n] - u[n-1] = delta[n] , taking fourier transform of both sides of the equation results in :
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solution on the time domain becomes “periodic” after the inverse fourier transform
I was trying to solve european option pricing problem using Conv method (introduced by Lord in 2008 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0632/460bd50b2151f74ac40028df4cc60e73a884.pdf).
The final step of ...
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1answer
84 views
Understanding Fourier Transforms in abstract math terms
I am having a hard time implementing a method that computes Fourier transform coefficients for the complex form using the trapezoid rule.
I have floated questions in the math and stackoverflow ...
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Analytically determine a PSD from a transient function
This question is related to a series of questions I have asked about the units of PSD and ESDs. I include it as a separate question as it may have worth in isolation.
As I understand it to compute ...
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Bin sizes for non-uniform discrete Fourier transforms
For a non-uniform discrete Fourier transforms, do the specified frequencies – i.e., $f_k$ in
– refer to the midpoint of the bin or the lower bound? I read the answer here, but that stated that ...
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Transfer function and deconvolution
Forewords
This question is about methodology references and numerical application. I am posting on Signal Processing because I think this question belong to this place. I am new to the stack, feel ...
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The Fourier transform of a damped cosine and the units of the result
If I take a simple transient voltage signal of the form
$$f(t) = V_p e^{-t/\tau} \cos(\omega_0 t)$$
and take the Fourier transform in the normal way
$$F(\omega) = \frac{V_p}{\sqrt{2 \pi}} \int^{+\...
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Why the unilateral Laplace transform?
Why is the Laplace transform commonly taught as the unilateral Laplace transform?
I mean, for the Fourier transform, we commonly have the bilateral transform... if the signal is 0 for $t<0$, then ...
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DTFT based Frequency Sampling
H($e^{jw}$)= 1, |w| < $\pi/2$ and 0, $\pi/2$ <= |w| <= $\pi$
I took M equally spaced frequencies from 0 to $2\pi$. If we assume h[n] to be causal, $H(e^{jw})$ should have some phase and it'...
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1answer
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Why does an anti-symmetric function has zero amplitude at the center of an even length window
I am performing FFT on a real odd function and the resultant transform has zero amplitude in the last bin. Essentially if Y= rfft(X), then Y[-1] is always zero. I stumbled on this answer which says
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Real Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) in 2D changes with changing the axes order
I am using Python to calculate the real FFT for a 2D array. I found that the real FFT function does not return an array with the same size as the input array, rather, it returns an array with the same ...
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Multitaper F statistics
I'm having some problems interpreting the F-statistics output from multitaper analysis. To illustrate, the following code-snip in R performs multitaper analysis on the same sine-frequency but with ...
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Scaling factor for comparing spectrums obtained via Continuous Fourier Transform and Discrete Fourier Transformation?
Essentially I am trying to calculate the Bremsstrahlung spectrum numerically for magnetized plasma and want to compare the resultant spectra with the standard textbook spectrum formula for ...
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2answers
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How to visualize high-pass filtered images?
When I try visualizing a high-pass filtered image, all I see is gray, similar to the middle subfigure in the attached figure from a related paper. The authors claim they normalize the image to have ...
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2answers
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Confusion in deriving formula for fourier tansform of impulse train
I was trying to derive fourier transform for impulse train :
I know how to solve for this using using properties of fourier transform. But now I wanted to use a brute force approach to it so I did ...
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1answer
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Understanding the FFT phase spectrum with a simple example
I'm trying to compute the DFT using scipy's functions. I don't understand why the phase spectrum of a simple sine wave with 2 Hz frequency doesn't show $\pm\pi/2$ at the $\pm 2Hz$ frequencies. Instead,...
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1answer
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Is it possible to reduce the complexity of radix-2 FFT if the input vector contains identical elements?
my question is about reducing the complexity of radix-2 FFT when the input vector has a specific structure.
For an input vector of x with N elements, the complexity is given by O(N log2 N).
My input ...
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Orthogonal Basis for a 2D Signals (Compressive Sensing)
I have a 2-D signal that is (1536x128) and that is sparse in the Fourier domain (after applying fft2).
I want to apply compressive sensing to recover the signal using fewer random elements, but I am ...
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128 views
Complex output after inverse FFT of a real signal
I have a real one dimensional signal s (light absorbance in a flow cell), which has significant noise and some periodic noise after performing a deconvolution of $S$ from $S_o$. Basically fft($S$) was ...
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1answer
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Advantages of the Rotation Translation Operation Before Doing FT Smoothing
I was reading a relatively old paper from the 1970s on smoothing by FT methods (chemistry applications), where the authors show that if we do rotation translation operation on the signal (y- values) ...
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Finding the impulse response of a system
I have the following transfer function.
$$ H(j\omega) = \frac{1+0.5 e^{-j\omega}}{1-1.8 \cos(\frac{\pi}{16}) e^{-j\omega}+0.81 e^{-j2\omega}}$$
I'm trying to find the impulse response of the system. ...
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Is it possible to recover the time-domain signal after manipulating it in the frequency-domain? [duplicate]
I've worked a fair amount with EEG signals, though I've never had formal training in signal processing, so please excuse my ignorance.
The problem is this: my signal has noise at many, many ...
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$x[n]$ after sampling of $cos(16\pi t+\phi)$ at 12kHz
I'm not sure what the question really means, so this is just guesswork.
I think options 1 and 4 can be ruled out as $w_0<\pi$.
The CTFT of $cos(16\pi t+\phi)$ has two spikes at $16\pi$ and $-16\...
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1answer
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Discrete Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) cross correlation property
I came across this property of the Discrete Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) and I am having a tough time proving it.
In general, consider two real signals $x[n] \: \& \: y[n]$. If
$$ x[n] \...
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Find integral of DTFT after sampling (Graph of CTFT given)
So for the first question:
If this is sampled at 10kHz, then the amplitude is scaled by 10000. In the DTFT, the frequency 3.5kHz gets mapped to 3.5/10* 2pi=0.7pi. So this point lies outside the range ...
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Which frequency bins give the best interpolation for the derivative of a function?
A function $u:[0,2\pi]\to\mathbb R$ sampled over $N$ equidistant points $\theta_j=(2\pi/N)j,\, j = 0, \dots, N-1,$ can be interpolated by a set of functions $\{u_{k_0}\}$ enumerated by integers $k_0\...
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Why is a circular mask appropriate for Fourier filtering rectangular images?
Suppose I apply 2D DFT to an image with dimensions $H{\times}W$ where $H \neq W$, then shift the DC component to the center. Why does a circular mask capture the lowest frequency components, i.e. why ...
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Derivation of Nyquist Frequency and Sampling Theorem [closed]
I have been looking through different sites and questions over the internet about Sampling theory, but couldn’t find the clear definition of how nyquist frequency condition is derived? It would be ...
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Fourier Transform of finite time series
I have some signal 𝑠(𝑡) which is real data i.e. finite.
The time runs from −𝑇 to +𝑇. The signal amplitude is large at 𝑡=0 and small (→0) at the ±𝑇 limits.
I can do a finite (discrete) Fourier ...
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What is the form of the spectral derivative in the all-positive-frequency notation in DFT?
The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of a function $u:[0,2\pi] \to \mathbb R$ sampled over $N$ equidistant points $\theta_j = 2\pi j/N,\, j = 0, \dots, N-1,$ is defined by
$$
\tilde U_k = \frac1N \...
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Solving equation with convolution
I have the measured signal $y(t)$ that can be modeled in the frequency domain as $Y(f)$:
$$Y(f) = X(f)\cdot A(f) - [X(f)\cdot B(f)] \ast C(f)$$
where $\ast$ is the convolution.
I know $A(f)$, $B(f)$,...
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1answer
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Inverse Fourier Transform Dirac impulse with scaled argument
Currently, I am dealing with the sampling problems and I don't understand how to calculate inverse Fourier transform of a scaling impulse function
$\textrm{IFT}\{\delta(\Omega T)\} = ?$, $T$ is ...
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1answer
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Sampling of frequency response
Let's consider any physical quantity depending on the frequency. For example, the impedance of a certain electrical component: $Z(f)$.
Now, imagine to measure it in a continuous interval of ...
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1answer
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How to perform spectral inversion in the frequency domain to convert a low-pass filter into a high-pass filter?
To convert a linear-phase FIR low-pass filter into a high-pass filter with the same cut-off frequency, we can invert the sign of the low-pass filter's impulse response $h(n)$ and then add one to the ...
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2answers
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Fourier transform of a periodic/aperiodic signal
Generally speaking, I know that periodic signals (continuous-time domain signals) with period 2pi/wo have a spectrum with equidistance Delta-impulses of distance w0.
My question is that, if we have ...
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1answer
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Palmprint Identification - Why do we align the images before we use the Fourier Transform?
I have been reading the paper PALMPRINT IDENTIFICATION BY FOURIER TRANSFORM by WENXIN LI, DAVID ZHANG and ZHUOQUN XU about identifying persons based on an image of their palm, one version of the paper ...
