Questions tagged [fourier-series]

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37 votes
7 answers
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What is the most lucid, intuitive explanation for the various FTs - CFT, DFT, DTFT and the Fourier Series?

Even after having studied these for quite sometime, I tend to forget (if I'm out of touch for a while) how they are related to each other and what each stands for (since they have such similar ...
Vighnesh's user avatar
  • 479
17 votes
2 answers
8k views

A good mathematical explanation of Gibbs phenomenon

I was explaining to someone how Fourier series work in context of constructing signals that are not everywhere differentiable, e.g. square waves, sawtooth waves, etc. When I mentioned the Gibbs ...
Phonon's user avatar
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14 votes
7 answers
11k views

The difference between DFT and DFS

In the literature, I've found that DFS and DFT are one and the same. If they are one and the same why to use two different names for them? If there is really a difference what is it and what is the ...
phanitej's user avatar
  • 450
12 votes
3 answers
4k views

Slow Down Music Playing While Maintaining Frequency

Playing a piece of music audio at a slower speed would lower its pitch (frequency). Is there a tool and theory to slow down the song playing while keep the frequency the same? I suppose one can do ...
Hans's user avatar
  • 223
12 votes
1 answer
3k views

Graphical fourier series of a square wave

This is probably off-topic since it isn't really a question, but I thought that this GIF of the fourier series of a square wave was too cool not to share.
9 votes
5 answers
19k views

How to get Fourier coefficients to draw any shape using DFT?

I'm teaching myself about Fourier Series and the DFT and trying to draw a stylised $\pi$ symbol by fourier epicycles as detailed by Mathologer on youtube (from 18:39 onwards), and the excellent ...
Chris's user avatar
  • 93
9 votes
2 answers
830 views

Fourier series of cycloid

What is the Fourier series representation of a cycloid? The parametric representation of the curve is as follows. $$ t=\dfrac{\theta-\sin\theta}{\pi}\\ x=\dfrac{1-\cos\theta}{\pi} $$ The period is $2$...
tfpf's user avatar
  • 193
8 votes
4 answers
28k views

About Fourier transform of periodic signal

In Fourier transform for periodic signal, I checked different books and I found a different explanation in each book. Let's take the explanation in Signals and Systems by Rajeshwari & Rao: The ...
Aadnan Farooq A's user avatar
8 votes
1 answer
806 views

Estimate the Discrete Fourier Transform / Series of a Signal with Missing Samples

Assuming we have a discrete signal $ { \left\{ x \left[ n \right] \right\}}_{n = 1}^{N} $. Which has a Discrete Fourier Transform / Series. Now, assume I'd like to estimate its Discrete Fourier ...
Royi's user avatar
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7 votes
2 answers
6k views

Intuition behind the scaling property of Fourier Transforms

The Fourier transform of $f(ax)$ is $\frac{1}{|a|}F(\frac{u}{|a|})$. So the frequencies are scaled horizontally but the magnitudes are also scaled when the graph of $f$ is scaled horizontally. On the ...
user782220's user avatar
6 votes
4 answers
2k views

Is Fourier series a sampled version of Fourier transform?

I recently learned about dtft and how dft/dfs is the sampled version of dtft. I was wondering if Fourier series is also obtainable by sampling Fourier transform? I am a noob in the subject so sorry if ...
Kartik Hegde's user avatar
6 votes
2 answers
4k views

Scaling property of Fourier Transform

Problem 4.6(b) from Oppenheim, Wilsky & Nawab (2nd ed) reads: Given that $x(t)$ has the Fourier transform $X(j\omega)$, express the Fourier transform of $x(3t - 6)$ in terms of $X(j\omega)$. The ...
MaxFrost's user avatar
  • 359
5 votes
2 answers
3k views

Why are Fourier analysis and transform only applicable for LTI systems?

Why are Fourier analysis and transform only applicable for LTI systems? What if the system is not LTI, won't Fourier analysis or transform be possible?
user avatar
5 votes
2 answers
11k views

Derive Frequency Representation of Impulse Train Function

I want to walk through the derivation of the frequency representation of an impulse train. The definition of the impulse train function with period $T$ and the frequency representation with sampling ...
clay's user avatar
  • 215
5 votes
1 answer
9k views

Fourier series - time shift and scaling

What will be the new Fourier series coefficients when we shift and scale a periodic signal? Scaling alone will only affect fundamental frequency. But how to calculate new coefficients of shifted and ...
user32335's user avatar
5 votes
1 answer
178 views

Compare two Fourier series to depict the signal smoothness

I have several signals, that I am trying to find a metric to compare the signal smoothness. By signal smoothness I mean, the signal that the distance between the peak to trough become smaller (getting ...
Saeed's user avatar
  • 51
4 votes
1 answer
277 views

DSP interview question: use of the identity in development of a significant transform

I'm preparing interview and found this question. But I don't really understand what is the question. Does it ask about Fourier transform or Z transform? How the simple identity $$xy=\frac{1}{2}x^2 + ...
user avatar
4 votes
1 answer
1k views

Gibbs phenomenon in Hamming's digital filters

In 'Digital Filters' by Hamming there is a cryptic section where he describes how the Gibbs phenomenon can be viewed as the displacement between the centers of two functions as they are convolved ...
Tom Kealy's user avatar
  • 1,067
4 votes
2 answers
1k views

How can understand periodicity of a Signal from frequency domain representation?

Is it possible to say a signal is periodic from its frequency domain representation? A periodic signal is sum of its sinus and cosinus. Frequency translation of sinus and cosinus functions are ...
ylcn's user avatar
  • 109
4 votes
3 answers
9k views

How to Remove the Periodic Oscillations from a Signal

The task that I have is to remove the annual and semiannual oscillation from a set of temperature measurements, taken over several years, by means of least squares method. I found the method ...
Marin's user avatar
  • 43
4 votes
1 answer
182 views

Signal Processing using Fourier Transform

How can I derive the fourier transform of ...
enver.giourkan's user avatar
4 votes
2 answers
3k views

Inverse Fourier transform Of a triangular impulse

I have to find the expression of this graphic and after find the inverse Fourier transform of it. First of all I found that the expression of the graphic is $$ X(f) = \frac{1}{2} tri (\frac{f+f_0}{B}) ...
Elena Martini's user avatar
3 votes
3 answers
366 views

Trying to understand how to get this basic Fourier Series

I'm sorry if this kind of question isn't allowed, but I'm starting to learn Fourier series and I'm still not entirely sure what's going on... in this specific case, I'm trying to find the Continuous ...
Fern Mendiz's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
137 views

What to do after this last step?

I am solving a question from book in which I have to use summation. It is as follows: $$ \frac{1}{10}\sum_{n=0}^{9} e^{-jk\omega_0n} $$ The value of $\omega_0$ is $\frac{2\pi}{10}$. What I ...
Muhammad Ahmad's user avatar
3 votes
6 answers
6k views

When is the Fourier transform of a signal periodic?

I mean not the time-domain signal being periodic, but the Fourier transform being periodic.
hakunamatata's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
2k views

Convolution in frequency domain

Simple math question. The convolution theorem states that multiplication in time domain is equal to convolution in frequency domain and vice versa. There is a condition that the signal has to be ...
Dole's user avatar
  • 350
3 votes
3 answers
2k views

integration property of fourier series

Please help me sort this issue out. The integration property in Fourier series is as follows: So, for proving the above property, i took this approach: This is where my doubt is. Some books and ...
Nishanth Rao's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
733 views

Fourier series expansion of $\exp[-j2kA\sin(\omega t)]$

I've been going through this paper where we exploit the well known Fourier expansion of the model signal as shown in the image below. I've never come across this well known fourier expansion before. ...
iamgr007's user avatar
  • 137
3 votes
2 answers
378 views

Given the Graph of a Fourier Series $\sum c_k e^{2\pi ikx}$ Find the Graphs of $\sum c_{3k} e^{2\pi ikx}$ and $\sum (c_k)^2 e^{2\pi ikx}$

Define a 1-periodic function on $\mathbb{R}$ by: $f(x) :=$ $\left\{\begin{matrix} 1 & if & 0<x<\frac{1}{10}\\ 0 & if & \frac{1}{10}<x<1 \end{matrix}\right.$ with ...
Zaubertrank's user avatar
3 votes
3 answers
3k views

Periodicity of Fourier series's coefficients

Why exactly continious Fourier-series's coefficients aren't periodic like coefficients of discrete Fourier series (DFS)? $e^{-j2\pi}$ is periodic in both sequences.
Дмитрий's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
283 views

Why do waveforms that are symmetrical above and below their horizontal centerlines contain no even-numbered harmonics?

All About Circuits site states that waveforms that are symmetrical above and below their horizontal centerlines contain no even-numbered harmonics. Can somebody explain this mathematically, or point ...
robert's user avatar
  • 133
3 votes
1 answer
6k views

Spectrum of Cosine in Complex Form

The complex exponential form of cosine $$\cos(k \omega t) = \tfrac{1}{2} e^{i k \omega t} + \tfrac{1}{2} e^{-i k \omega t}$$ The trigonometric spectrum of $\cos(k \omega t)$ is single amplitude of ...
Natalie Johnson's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
348 views

Fourier Series Coefficients

Question: The fourier series coefficients is given as: $$c_k= \begin{cases} 1 \qquad & k \ \text{ even} \\ 2 \qquad & k \ \text{ odd} \\ \end{cases}$$ the period of the signal is $T=4$, ...
Rohit's user avatar
  • 578
3 votes
2 answers
1k views

FFT of SIN waves with different phase delays

I have come across a peculiarity of FFTs which has got me somewhat baffled. I've simply summed up 101 sine waves and taken the FFT using this matlab script : ...
Marky0's user avatar
  • 133
3 votes
1 answer
4k views

Proof of the convolution property of Fourier Series in continuous time

I am facing problem in understanding the proof of Convolution property of Fourier Series (FS) in continuous time CT; that is: $$\mathrm{FS} \big\{x_1(t)\star x_2(t)\big\}=T\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}...
Suresh's user avatar
  • 275
3 votes
1 answer
5k views

How to do simple extrapolation with Fourier transformation?

I have 1024 sample points, and I would like to do really simple extrapolation using Fourier transformation. First I apply Fast fourier transformation on the data. My first intuition was that I just ...
Iter Ator's user avatar
  • 255
3 votes
3 answers
3k views

Calculation of cosine in frequency domain instead of calculatin in time-domain followed by a FFT

I got an $N$, in my case 512, point FFT of a real-valued signal. Based on some calculation in my application I determine the parameters $k \in [1, N-1]$, the number of oscillations per period, $\phi \...
wiizzard's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
84 views

Is my solution correct?

$\textbf{Question:}$ $y_a(t)$ is a rectangular waveform defined as: $$\ y_a(t) = \begin{cases} 2 &t \in [0,1/25)s\...
Caporal Fourrier's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
98 views

Fourier coefficients of two discrete-time signals of different periods

I'm trying to understand the Fourier series coefficients of the sum of two discrete-time periodic signals. Consider two discrete-time periodic signals $x[n]$ and $y[n]$. $x[n]$ has period $N$, its ...
Miumiu's user avatar
  • 75
3 votes
1 answer
85 views

The magnitude spectrum of a sharpening filter

I'm trying to derive an expression for the magnitude spectrum of the following sharpening filter. $$ g(m,n) = \delta(m,n)+\lambda (\delta(m,n) - h(m,n)) $$ where $\lambda$ is some positive constant ...
GuntherOnFire's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
111 views

Fourier coefficients of 1/(1+it)

I have to find the Fourier coefficients of $$ \frac{1}{1+ t^{2}} $$ I tried with $$ \frac{1}{T}\int_{0}^{T} \frac{1}{1+it}e^{-i 2 \pi f_0 T } $$ but I should do at least two integrals by parts , so I ...
Elena Martini's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
4k views

Finding the fundamental frequency of a periodic signal

Suppose we have the signal $$x(t) = e^{j\omega_1 t} + e^{j\omega_2 t} + e^{j\omega_3 t},$$ where all the frequencies are rationally related (that is, the ratio of any pair of frequencies is a rational ...
user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
2k views

A clarinet has no even harmonics. What would produce no odd harmonics?

According to this link, the waveforms of clarinets do not have even-numbered components in their harmonic series: A closed cylindrical air column will produce resonant standing waves at a ...
rhombidodecahedron's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
2k views

What is the physics behind the width of a main lobe?

We know that the square window gives the lowest main lobe width possible, and that other windows after that trade main lobe width for side lobe height. I also understand that the main lobe width is ...
TheGrapeBeyond's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
67 views

Number of zeros of a sum of Shah functions by applying Rice's formula?

There is a Dirac pulse train following the scheme of the Shah function (or $\delta$-cumb function) with its Fourier series of the form: $$\varsigma(t,T)=\sum_{n=-\infty}^{\infty}\delta (t-nT)=\frac{1}...
al-Hwarizmi's user avatar
3 votes
3 answers
13k views

The Fourier Series Of This Triangle Wave

I am using matlab to study digital signalling and have come across a problem which i was wondering if anyone with more experience could help me with. I need to work derive the Fourier series of a ...
Mike Lock's user avatar
3 votes
0 answers
76 views

What happens to sidebands when they enter "negative" frequencies?

I am working with PWM signals. These signals are generated by comparing a modulating (at frequency $f_m$), and a carrier (at frequency $f_c$), as shown in the following image: In the resulting ...
Olayo's user avatar
  • 125
3 votes
0 answers
94 views

Improving the intuition for the 2d fourier transform

As far as I understand, the 2d fourier transform is calculated as following: ...
dmmpie's user avatar
  • 131
2 votes
4 answers
114 views

What is the moment when all oscillators aligned to make a jump called?

Say we have a square wave and its Fourier series. When the wave doesn't jump, its oscillators aren't aligned: But if they are aligned, the wave will jump: What is this moment called? They might not ...
Ooker's user avatar
  • 131
2 votes
1 answer
60k views

Why Fourier series and transform of a square wave are different?

Here is a square-wave presented by Fourier series perspective: Above coefficients shows that a square-wave is composed of only its odd harmonics. But here below a square-wave is presented by ...
user16307's user avatar
  • 327

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