Questions tagged [fading-channel]
The fading-channel tag has no usage guidance.
143
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Communication Channel under Doppler effect
Suppose I have a scheme of a radar station A transmits a signal to sense a car B moving with velocity $v$ and located at a distance $R$. At the same time node B also sends another signal to node A, ...
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When should I normalize my QAM constellation for a fading channel?
I am trying to simulate a Fading channel and learning from matlab and python codes online.
I am not very sure when should I normalize my constellation and I am getting very different results when I ...
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frequency selective channel $\ne$ multi-tap channel?
A frequency selective wireless channel is necessarily a multi-tap channel, in the tap-delay line model, as the delay spread is significantly larger than the symbol duration. And a single-tap channel ...
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Free space path loss and Rician fading
Let a be a qam symbols vector , they pass through ofdm modulator by applying ifft and adding cyclic prefix and I apply comm.RicianChannel function for modeling rician fading I want to introduce also ...
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Understanding about correlation between random variables in context of Wireless Communication
I am trying to understand about correlation between random variables in context of wireless communication.
In research papers related to 6G, I came across the following statements:
Suppose there is a ...
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Modeling channel for Multiple users using Rayleigh
I am trying to reproduce the results of a given paper using their approach and model.
I have a difficult time understanding a statement in the paper and have doubts about how to interpret it.
The ...
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59
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Understanding the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) representation
In my research work in wireless communication, I came across an equation of received signal wherein the AWGN is denoted by $n\sim\mathcal{C}\mathcal{N}(\textbf{0},\textbf{I}_L)$.
Note that dimension ...
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Related to dimension of wireless channel , transmitted signal and received signal
I am working on wireless research project and I had query in understanding dimensions.
Consider a MIMO system, where a base station with $N$ antennas transmits signal $x$ to receiver with $M$ antennas....
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Related to SNR in wireless communication
I am working on a research paper related to wireless communication, wherein I am facing some doubt while writing expression of SNR (which is a ratio of Signal variance in numerator to Noise variance ...
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56
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Regarding SINR (Signal to Interference Plus Noise Ratio) in wireless communication
I am working on a research paper related to wireless communication, wherein I am facing some doubt while writing expression of SINR (which is a ratio of Signal variance in numerator to Interference ...
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139
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Channel impulse response (CIR) and OFDM relationship
In Chapter 3 of the [Goldsmith book] (https://faee.sut.ac.ir/Downloads/AcademicStaff/1/Courses/7/Andrea%20Goldsmith-Wireless%20Communications-Cambridge%20University%20Press%20(2005).pdf)
we can see ...
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Transmit/receive signal of two-path propagation model
In wireless communication, when the transmitted signal is $x$ and the received signal is $y$.
Please tell me why the formula below holds true.
\begin{align}
y(t) &= \left( e^{-\jmath 2\pi f_c\...
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83
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Channel equalization in uplink
I have a multiuser uplink signal $$ Y=h_1x_1+h_2x_2$$ where, $h_1$ and $h_2$ are channels for user 1 and user2 respectively. At the receiver how can I equalize the signal $Y$, assuming known $h_1$and $...
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How to determine Transmission Rate for Task Offloading in edge computing?
I am new to communication systems and am working on a model for task offloading on edge computing. One key parameter I'm aiming to determine is the data transmission rate. While I am familiar with ...
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How to calculate capacity using Shannon and path-loss?
I am working on tasks offloading on edge computing. I need to find the transmission delay, through calculating Shannon capacity-theoretical maximum data rate- when sending results from the server back ...
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How to understand Fading Channel with no CSI at the Receiver
From the book Fundamentals of Massive MIMO, the section 2.3.4 shows that the expression of the received signal in fading channel with additive non-Gaussian noise and no CSI at receiver is dervied as:
$...
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fractionally spaced channel equalizer code [closed]
I want to write a program in matlab for an adaptive fractionally spaced equalizer with lms algorithm.consider each packet with 150 bits that 25 first bits are pilot and used to train weights of the ...
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Rayleigh flat fading channel and pulse shaping
I'm trying to implement the Rayleigh flat fading channel in MATLAB using SRRC (Square-root raised cosine) pulse shape. The modulation scheme is BPSK. Here is my code:
...
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How do random processes add in Rayleigh fading to get a Guassian random process?
I was studying Rayleigh channels from Wireless Communications, Second Edition by Andreas F. Molisch. The book states that by adding different in-phase and quadrature components multipath components ...
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which type of diversity is used by rake receivers?
My question is:
Which type of diversity technique is used by the rake receivers?
In Bahai, et. al. "Multi-Carrier Digital Communications Theory and Applications of OFDM,"
Second Edition, ...
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Which are the realictic enviroment will be suitable for TDLC300 channel model?
TR 38.901 Section 7.7.2 mentioned that the TDL-A, TDL-B, and TDL-C channel models are constructed for NLOS scenarios. In TS 38.101-4 Annex B.2.1, in Table B.2.1.1-1 (picture is attached), delay ...
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How to code Rician fading channel gains from k-factor?
I know that MATLAB provides some built-in functions but I am not interested in those. I want to know how can we code to obtain the Rician fading channel gains from normal or Gaussian distributions. ...
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486
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Elevation angle or Azimuth angle?
Suppose my ULA(Uniform Linear Array) is along x-axis only, then definitely we can estimate elevation angle with this ULA. But if we lift this array from x-axis and place it along y-axis, then which ...
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What is physical significance of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Outage Probability?
I am trying to understand the physical significance of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Outage Probability especially in low power wireless communication such as internet of things (IoT).
Any help in this ...
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$\min(\{Z_i\})$ for non-i.i.d. random variables $Z_i$ the same as for i.i.d.?
My question is with reference to wireless communication.
There are $N$ independent and identically distributed random channels i.e., $Z_i \in \{ Z_1, Z_2,\ldots, Z_N\}$ with PDFs $f_{Z_i}(z)$ ordered ...
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Order statistics: always applicable tool in wireless communication?
I have seen few papers where generalized order statistics is used to obtain statistics of the instantaneous SNR.
"Performance analysis of monostatic multi-tag backscatter systems with general ...
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Understanding Pathloss and latency
In my class on wireless communication, I came across the following sentence:
The round trip path-loss can be defined to include aspects such as
attenuation and/or latency etc
Hence I am looking for ...
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80
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Related to wireless channel variance?
I am reading wireless research papers and found that mostly the wireless channel is considered to be Zero mean circularly symmetric Complex Gaussian (ZMCSCG) with variance 1 or 2 or 5 or 10 etc.
My ...
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Understanding mathematical representation of SINR
I am getting confused in SINR for the following received signal expression.
$$y(n) = (h+fg)s(n) + w(n) \tag{1}$$
Where $h,f,g$ are zero mean circularly symmetric Complex Gaussian (ZMCSCG) channels. ...
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Why the transpose of wireless channel vector is taken in SIMO system?
I am getting confused about the received signal expression in case of SIMO wireless channel.
SIMO system=> Here we will have one antenna at Tx and multiple ($N$) antenna at Rx.
Therefore received ...
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Why exponential decay power delay profiles are used to model fading?
I am trying to understand why exponential decay power delay profiles are used to model fading. In other words, why power of taps of channel impulse response decays exponentially and not, for instance, ...
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Derivation of Clarke's Doppler power spectral density
I am reading Wireless Communications by Andrea Goldsmith. I have some issues in the derivation of Clarke's Doppler power spectral density given there.
1)For beginning the autocorrelation of the in ...
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Derivation of equation 3.8 in Fundamentals of Wireless Communication by Tse and Vishwanath
In the book “Fundamentals of Wireless communication”by Tse and Vishwanath,
Can someone help with the how the integration helps derive equation 3.8 ?
The equation is
$$
p_e=
\mathbb P\left\{\left\lvert ...
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How to resolve some inconsistencies in the mathematical model for the narrowband fading channel?
I am reading Wireless Communications by Andrea Goldsmith. There the author mentions that for narrow band channel the received signal can be given as:
$$r(t)=\text{Re} \left\{u(t)\text{exp}(j2\pi f_ct)\...
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On-Off keying for wireless communication channel estimation
Let us assume I have $k$ (a fixed number) sensors in a wireless sensor network with unknown channel statistics $\{h_1,h_2 \ldots, h_k\}$.
In my system model, each of these $k$ sensors has an ...
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Coherent detection in fading channel
I want to design an optimum receiver for a fading AWGN channel for ML Detection. I know that in the case of non-coherent communication we have to use an energy detector(even when the fading channel is ...
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Log Path Loss Model with Directivity Accounted
Suppose that I have the log Path Loss distance model described here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-distance_path_loss_model
$$PL(d,\gamma) = P_{t}-P_{r}=PL_{0}+10\gamma log_{10}\frac{d}{d_{0}}+X_{g}...
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485
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Relation between SNR and fading channel coefficients?
I am trying to understand the following thing:
Does the average signal to noise ratio (SNR) depends on fading channel coefficients ?
Any help in this regard will be highly appreciated.
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Related to successive interference cancellation?
I am trying to understand the following query: " Is it necessary to do channel estimation to perform successive interference cancellation at the receiver operating over fading channel"
Any ...
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What are TDL and CDL channel models in principle, and which variation can be used for indoor and outdoor environment, respectively?
I am making a simulation using 5G-toolbox in Matlab. IN 5Gtoolbox we have two kind of channels, CDLChannel and TDLChannel. Now, CDL means Clusteresd Delay Line, and TDL means Tapped Delay Lines. But ...
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Frame synchronization for single carrier burst applications in fading channels
I recently started to implement communication systems with software-defined radios in GNU Radio. In my system design, I am planning to transmit data in burst mode, the frames will be not sequentially ...
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Log-normal shadowing and mean power
Let's assume I'm receiving a signal with power measured in dBm shadowed according to the normal distribution, i.e. $P_{\text{dBm}} \sim N(0,1) $.
If there is also a normally distributed noise power $...
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Rayleigh Fading
I am calculating the capacity of $K$ channels between a transmitter and $N$ receivers in a cellular scenario. I use the following equation:
$$C_n^k = B\log_2\left(1 + \frac{Ph_n^k}{N_0B + I_n^k}\right)...
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Related to channel power gain
I am having a doubt that why channel power gain is denoted by $|h|^2$. For example, if the signal received is
$$y(n) = hx(n)+w(n)$$
where $x(n)$ is transmitted signal with power $P$ , $w(n)$ is AWGN ...
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How is the distribution of the received signal affected if the transmitted signal is changed from complex Gaussian to PSK
Suppose the received signal is $y(n) = h_0s(n)+w(n)$----(1)
Where $h_0, s(n), w(n)$ all are distributed as zero mean complex Gaussian. Thus I know that $y(n)$ will also have the same distribution.
If $...
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understanding the distribution of received signal
In one of the research paper following equations are given :
$y(n) = h_0s(n)+w(n),d = 0$
$y(n) = h_1s(n)+w(n),d = 1$
where $n$ ranges from $1$ to $N$ and
$h_0,h_1$ are wireless channel assumed as $\...
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Related to wireless channel fading
I am reading some papers wherein a wireless channel is assumed as zero mean circularly symmetric complex Gaussian (ZMCSCG) with unit variance and it is also mentioned that the channel undergoes ...
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related to random nature of wireless channel
I am reading An Approximate BER Analysis for Ambient Backscatter Communication Systems With Tag Selection wherein it is mentioned that "when the distance between two nodes is very small and line ...
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663
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What is the meaning of the channel gain is normalized
Transmitting the signal $x$ over the channel $h$ and affected by noise $n$ can be expressed:
$y = hx + n$
$h$ is the channel gain, that is known for me. I sometimes see phrases saying "when the ...
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bit reversed order of FFT matrix for channel estimation
Although the question seems similar to this one HERE, but what I want to ask about is little bit different.
Assume we have a signal $X$ whose length is $N$x$1$, we convert that signal into time ...
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