Questions tagged [digital]
The digital tag has no usage guidance.
156
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USRP N210 Main clock rate and The transmission signal Sampling Rate
I am testing the transmission and receiving signal using two USRP N210. The communication setting as follows:
...
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2
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71
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Do the digital filter coefficients need to be forced to sum to 1.0?
I coded a digital filer in Matlab based on equations I found for a Martin-Graham (low pass type). It looks like it is working. So I want to smooth some data and then calculate the first derivative. ...
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Standardize fft amplitude with different encodings
I'm trying to "standardize" the results of the fast Fourier transformation. I've one wav with two peaks (3000 and 3300 Hz) saved with three different encodings(int16, float32, int32).
And ...
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Confusion implementing Quantization in MATLAB?
I am quantizing a continuous time signal in three different cases(using different number of bits)
But Why i am getting same quantized signal in xq2 and xq3,despite using different values of D(...
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Can a digital signal has 3 three values(1,0 and -1)?
Typically digital signals are seen having only two values,but is it possible that a digital signal has three values(1,0 and -1)?as shown highlighted in attached snapshot,which has been extracted from ...
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Why is Line coding called "Line coding"?
Guys do you now why line coding also called digital base band modulation named "line coding" where does it come? and how is the name related to modulation
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What sampling frequency should I use if Nyquist is not available?
I have the following homework question that confuses me:
We have an audio emitter that can emit two signals:
It either emits a sine wave at 23 kHz or it emits a sine wave at 25 kHz.
The receiver has ...
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37
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How to recover modulation symbols？
I am using GNURadio to send and receive a limited number of modulation symbols. I have constructed the following flow chart:random source(no repeat)->chuncks to symbols(file sink1)->polyphase ...
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Dual functional integrated Digital Cathode Ray Oscilloscope and Digital Multimeter product
Is it feasible to design & construct a Dual functional integrated Digital Cathode Ray Oscilloscope and Digital Multimeter products in a single product?
Idea is to integrate the Digital Multimeter ...
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42
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Phase Error Growth in Digital Mixer Signal
I am working on a code where digital mixing is to be performed for down-conversion of incoming signal. The mixer signal is created using the phase accumulation approach. However it was observed that ...
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Speaker Walkaround
Does anyone know what Speaker Walkaround means in context of a digital amplifier?
Also how is this test performed?
Lastly, how is it different from Load Diagnostics in Amplifiers?
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134
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Why symbols have to be upsampling, if the symbol rate and sample rate is same what happen?
In digital modulation process, after constellation mapping and before pulse shaping, the symbols are upsampled with the number L(samples per symbol). At this moment, why symbol have to be upsampled, ...
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Balance Fader in Digital Amplifiers
What is the purpose of Balance / Fader in a digital Audio amplifier?
In a signal flow what is the most apt position to place balance and fader(for example after before a compressor unit or at the ...
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45
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Centre channel derivation using correlation
I would like to know the algorithm for how centre channel is derived from rejecting left and right channel in audio upmixing process.
Can someone explain intuitively rather than hard hitting ...
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31
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Is there a separate word for the time domain when working with digital signals?
Typically the phrase "time domain" implies an analog signal x(t), but I've also seen it referring to a digital signal x[n]. Is there any phrase that refers to x[n], but not x(t)?
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481
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Why is phase range between $-\pi$ and $+\pi$ (instead of $0$ and $2\pi$)?
I wonder why the phase range in DSP applications is between $-\pi$ and $+\pi$.
For example, why is that not between $0$ and $2\pi$?
This question popped when I was reading about synchronization in ...
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104
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Wave Digital Filter Bridge-T Resonator implementation, gives expected cutoff frequency but incorrect gain and roll-off
Trying to implement the WDF in Fig 5(a) of this publication. The response of the ideal op-amp implementation is given by the black curve in Fig 7:
Here is the plot I get when trying to implement the ...
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how to convert SPL in dBA to dB
I wonder how I can convert dBA (A weighted) to dB and vice versa.
can anybody provide any kind of table or online conversion app?
thanks
following formula comes from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-...
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51
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Does Scrambling increase speed of signal transmission overall? And is Scrambling a redundant process? [closed]
Title is a badly worded question, on which I do not have enough knowledge on the subject to answer on my own.
Anyone to help out?
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176
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Band limited discrete signals division
If I take two analog, band limited signals $ x(t) $ and $ y(t) $ with non-zero $y(t)$ I can define the division:
$$
z(t) = \frac{x(t)}{y(t)}
$$
In general $z(t)$ may have a very wide bandwidth, also ...
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Find which signal was transferred in 32QAM
I've been assigned to solve a problem for 32QAM signals. The thing is, there are little to none sources in my native language to get any decent information on the topic.
The problem is (in its ...
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How can I automate the calculation for P and I coefficients of an FPGA-based digital PLL?
I am working on designing an FPGA-based PLL through an NI myRI0-1900 FPGA and LabVIEW software. I have been able to create a functioning PLL with a PI loop filter, and but I found functioning P and I ...
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MAP Estimation Problem for Frequency Band Occupancy Calculation
Consider designing a wireless communication system. Your communication link is not iso- lated in the environment, there are other similar devices trying to communicate in the same general frequency ...
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67
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Decoder implementation
Im struggling to implement / build convolutional decoder .
I've done implementation of FEC encoder which it's as shown in the photo below:
So this is the encoder that I've implemented, and I want to ...
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46
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Hw does a digital piano work?
I know someohow it combines different harmonics to synthsis note, but I don't exactly know how this happens. Does digital piano use pwm to synthesis a note?
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For an LTI system, the zeos and poles are defined in the z plane. How to add additional poles and zeroes so LTI system is real valued?
The question already has a zero and a pole in the complex plane. It is asking to add additional zero and pole so LTI becomes zero valued.
zeros=-1/2 + 1/2 i , poles = -1/3 -1/3 i .
What I understand ...
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167
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Are there analog re-configurable filters?
I know that we can build a chip (or circuit) or use FPGA to have re-configurable digital filters. But how about analog filters, can we have re-configurable analog filters?
thanks
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388
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Discrete signal vs digital signal?
Is there any difference between the two?
When we say discrete signal, does it only imply that the x-axis or time is discrete? Or it can also mean discrete amplitudes on the y-axis?
Or is the signal ...
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What are the applications of Non Unique Factorization Domain (Non-UFD) in signal processing? [closed]
Let $m$ be a composite, and $\mathbb{Z}_m$ is the residual ring of modular $m$. The $\mathbb{Z}_m$ is clearly a Non-UFD. What are the applications of the polynomial with coefficients defined on $\...
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53
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Combining CDMA with differential Manchester-like encoding?
I wonder to which extend it is possible to combine a self-clocking code (like Differential Manchester encoding) with synchronous CDMA, and how it would be done?
Suppose I want to receive some bits ...
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861
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Sampling and Reconstruction of digital signal in Matlab
I'm trying to write a program in Matlab that samples (using Nyquist theorem) and recovers signal. However, I cannot write sampling part for sum of 2 signal.
...
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2
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304
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Z-Transform and DFT
I have $$H(z) = \frac{\left[b_0 + b_1 \cdot z^{-1}\right]}{\left[1 + a_1z^{-1} + a_2 \cdot z^{-2}\right]}$$.
Why is it that I can calculate the spectrum between $0$ and $0.5 \cdot f_s$ by calculating ...
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276
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How the Grayscale images are converted back to RGB?
In case of RGB to grayscale conversion we take the average of R,G,B channels and convert them to Grayscale which has songle channel. How to convert back the Grayscale to RGB ??
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Obtaining a high sample rate digital approximation to an analog filter from lower frequency measurements
Consider a set of dense, but generally irregularly-spaced frequency response measurements of some real low-pass analog filter. Denote the maximum frequency for which a frequency response measurement ...
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51
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Two-GMSK channels demodulation: 3dB difference in BER
I am trying to demodulate individually two GMSK channels separated by 50kHz (one channel = 25kHz).
I am working on a limited resources hardware so I decided to make some optimization on the signal ...
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138
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Digital beamforming and phase shift stage insertion
I have read some literatures about the different topologies of beamforming and it came to my mind a question : where is applied the phase shift for each channel depending on the type of topology/...
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phase response of an analog filter
I am trying to understand the relation between phase response of an analog filter and its influence on the quality of a signal with PSK modulation.
For example I want to design a BPF for HF ...
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53
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inter symbol interference vs digital modulation
I am a little confused after my lecture today. My professor started off with explaining what inter symbol interference (ISI) is and he ended the lecture talking about the different types of digital ...
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How can we do exact simulation for digital systems? [closed]
In digital control system, there are two basic techniques for finding the best digital controller.
First, called the discrete equivalent, we find the continuous compensation and then discretize (best ...
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The selection of the amplitude of the signal, consisting of rectangular pulses, at different frequencies
I already asked a similar question, but did not receive an answer and did not find a solution, I want to make another attempt to get to the bottom of the truth.
There is a signal consisting of ...
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92
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Carrier and timing offset
Assume my reference is 1 ppm so if my transmit frequency is 400 MHz and
symbolrate is 100 kHz.
Then, my carrier will have +/- 400 Hz offset and then my symbol will have +/-0.001 Hz offset. Similarly,...
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108
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How to quantify phase distortion of a filter specific to a signal?
For example, a EKG input signal is filtered with a known transfer function that does not have linear phase. How do you quantify the phase distortion of the output signal given you have the input? I ...
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Length of DFT defines whether I see the harmonic or the dominant frequency
I have a number of signals that are periodic. I use an fft transformation to obtain the dominant frequency of each signal. In order to increase the frequency resolution I zero pad the signal before ...
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326
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When calculating SNR, is noise included in signal?
Given a signal $x(t) = s(t) + n(t)$ where $s(t)$ is the desired signal voltage and $n(t)$ is the noise, should the signal to noise ratio of this signal be 20log(xrms/nrms) or 20log(srms/nrms)? i.e., ...
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436
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How would I calculate the DC Gain for a Chebyshev Type 2 filter?
I'm currently working on an implementation of a Chebyshev Type 2 filter but the gain is all over the place when playing around with the order and ripple. I haven't found anything online but (as far as ...
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95
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Frequency response plot and actual behavior of a digital Butterworth LPF
I have been struggling with a not-too-high (2nd) order digital Butterworth low-pass filter both in SciPy and MatLab (latest of both).
The intention is to apply this filter on signals with different ...
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89
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What are the definitions of symbols and samples related to PCM?
What are the definitions of symbols and samples related to PCM? For example in binary encoding $\{0,1\}$ with 8 levels of quantization, is one symbol either of $ \ 0 \ or \ 1\ $? or is it the ...
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325
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What Is the Correct Way to Apply Richarson Lucy Deconvolution to Luminance Data?
My question concerns the Richardson–Lucy deconvolution algorithm, which is described in Richardson's original paper - William Hadley Richardson - Bayesian Based Iterative Method of Image Restoration. ...
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566
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Determine the Given system is linear or nonlinear [closed]
Does the following define a linear or nonlinear system?
$$ y(n) -4 y(n)y(2n)=x(n) $$
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143
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Design of efficient digital interpolation filter
I came across this paper entitled "Design of Efficient Digital Interpolation Filters and Sigma-Delta Modulator for Audio DAC" where the author oversamples an input frequency, fsig = 1kHz with ratio L =...
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