Questions tagged [continuous-signals]
A continuous signal or a continuous-time signal is a varying quantity (a signal) whose domain, which is often time, is a continuum.
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Time reversal of input signals in convolution
Let f(t) and g(t) be signals.
I can't figure out what happens to the convolution of f(t) and g(t) if
both f(t) and g(t) are reversed
one of f(t) and g(t) is reversed
I tried the change of variable ...
0
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1answer
47 views
“plot” command for continous time signal in matlab?uses interpolation?
We know digital computer cannot deal with continuous time signals directly. But then how MATLAB "plot" command works?
Does that uses interpolation technique to show an apparently continous time ...
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2answers
44 views
Signals in real world?especially natural signals?
Do all the signals in real world ,that are of interest in engineering(for measurements or processing)are only continous/analog or there any other alternatives also?
For example birds make voice,...
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1answer
56 views
Discrete and Continuous Signals
I am new to the signals area and have been reading through a lot and have some questions.
Suppose I have a saved audio file on my computer, .wav file. I can view the time domain of the signal by ...
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1answer
38 views
Zero forcing vs matched filtering vs LMMSE
In what scenarios would you choose each of Zero forcing, LMMSE and matched filtering receivers:
Possible points to consider are:
Receiver SINR,
High Interference levels,
Low interference levels,
...
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1answer
24 views
mathematical equation for Power Line communication channel [closed]
How can I derive the mathematical equation for the powerline communication channel to capture the input data signal, the power line channel, and noise?
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2answers
81 views
Help with finishing this integral, to obtain the power spectral density of a pure cosine wave
I am trying to evaluate the power spectral density $S_{xx}(f)$ of a cosine signal $x(t) = A\cos(2\pi f_0t)$, by starting from its definition for deterministic power signals
$$S_{xx}(f) = \lim_{T\...
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5answers
451 views
Inconsistency with the units of power spectral density and the definition the people often give
Perhaps someone can help me resolve something - this is my understanding:
In deterministic signal analysis, for a signal $x(t)$ the signal energy (as opposed to the real physical energy) is given by
$...
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2answers
173 views
Help with obtaining the power spectral density of a simple continuous cosine (using both forms of the definition for PSD)
I am trying to go through a simple example to teach myself about Parseval's theorem and calculating power spectral density (PSD) in practice and would be very grateful if someone could check my ...
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2answers
53 views
Eye pattern construction and interpretation
I have read some text about the eye pattern (or eye diagram), but I do not understand how should I read it.
The wikipedia definition of it is this one:
In telecommunication, an eye pattern, also ...
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1answer
125 views
Evaluating the continuous Fourier transform of a constant, and matching it up with the FFT result
I am following my optics textbook (Optics, by Eugene Hecht), throughout which are given various exact analytical results for the diffraction patterns that result from light passing through differently ...
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0answers
16 views
How to update Kalman Filter with n-th order state translation?
In Kalman Filter, the hidden state translation is defined by $X_t=F_tX_{t-1}+W_t$, where $X_t$ can be a vector or a single value. This is actually derived from Bayes filter, in which 1-th order markov ...
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2answers
51 views
Filter response to sinusoidal input signal
This question is related to Does 46 dB gain of a filter for a frequency imply 200 times more amplitude? In the accepted answer it is mentioned that "For a sine wave input the amplitude of the steady ...
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1answer
58 views
What kind of periodic signals cannot be represented with the Fourier Series?
Oppenheim et al. state in Signals and Systems that there exist periodic signals which cannot be represented with Fourier series. What signals are these?
Although Euler and Lagrange would have been ...
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1answer
81 views
How to approximate a moving RMS without iterating over N samples for each required output?
I have a signal with a sampling rate of F Hertz.
From it I want to produce an RMS signal, also with F samples per second with a window size of N samples.
Using a standard moving RMS algorithm I must ...
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0answers
17 views
How can I calculate time gap in different waves
I want, calculate the time gap between two signals .but that signal has frequently changed the frequency range. I want to combine with these two signal including phase shift I have a circuit for ...
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1answer
35 views
std::cosf fluctuation: Results are off in low frequencies [closed]
I attempted to generate a continuous wave signal by using the C++ cos/sin functions. It's partly successful, meaning high frequencies seems ok, but very low frequencies give unexpected results. The ...
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0answers
10 views
Functioning of a continuous data stream processing neural network?
I've been searching with unfortunately no relevant results about something I have trouble to figure out: neural networks which process continuous data stream (audio, video, anything with a state ...
0
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1answer
56 views
machine learning on multiple signal at once
I am very new signal processing and I am asking this with the expectation that someone gives me a concrete guideline on how to approach my problem.
The problem I need to solve is that I have 2 ...
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1answer
50 views
Proving linearity and time-invariance
This question was asked in one of our quiz. Question is
Determine if the system with the input-output relationship given by
$$y(t) = \int_{t-10}^{t} \cos(\tau)x(\tau)d\tau$$
is linear ...
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vote
1answer
66 views
relation between DFT to CTFT
The signal $$x(t)\;\;\;\;0\leq t\leq 0.2s $$
We know that the CTFT of $x(t)=0$ when $|w|>2*\pi*10^4$
We sample $x(t)$ in sample space of $$T=25\mu s$$ or $$F_s=1/T=40000Hz$$and we get a series ...
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3answers
68 views
Basic Understanding of Convolution Operation
I would really appreciate any help in understanding this.
If $$y[n] = x[n]*r[n]\tag{1}$$ then what is $y[n-n_0]$ for any system?
Is it $$y[n-n_0] = x[n-n_0]*r[n-n_0]\tag{2}$$
or $$y[n-n_0] = x[n-...
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1answer
43 views
How to generate IQ samples of a signal?
I am using a HW with LMS7002 RF transceiver chip. This chip takes IQ values as an input.
1. Can anyone point me to a sample IQ value generator? That I can use to test.
2. What will be the IQ values ...
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1answer
31 views
Magnitude characteristic of H(s)
I have a question about drawing a magnitude characteristics of H(s).
So my transmittance function is for example:
and in the book the magnitude characteristics is shown as:
And my question is - ...
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0answers
61 views
Confusion about systems involving integrals
$$y_1(t)=\int_a^tx(Ļ)dĻ$$
$$y_2(t)=\int_a^bx(t)dt$$
I'm confused about what are the input signals in each of these systems.
To my understanding, in the second case the input signal is $x$ since both ...
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1answer
43 views
Bandwidth and probability of continuous signal
I'm a little bit confused as to how to calculate the bandwidth of a signal. A question has me believing that it is correlated with the probability distribution. I am however not sure of this.
...
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1answer
58 views
How to convert from Laplace Domain to Time Domain?
I want to convert the following equation from Laplace domain to continuous time domain:
$F(s) = \frac{-2 m k v R}{2 m R s^{2} + m k s + 2 k R}$
m, k, v, R are all constants.
If I can factor or put ...
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0answers
26 views
Are discrete time functions expected to be this inaccurate?
I am attempting to test some discrete time functions against their continuous counterparts and I am surprised by how inaccurate the discrete versions are coming out.
I am modeling the displacement, ...
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1answer
45 views
One more inverse z transform … a bit more complicated [closed]
Thank you for all the help teaching me. I am looking at one more inverse z transform and not understanding what to do with it.
$F(t) = m \cdot a(t)$ (i.e. Force = mass $\times$ acceleration)
$F(s) = ...
0
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1answer
16 views
How to do this inverse Z-transform? Is this correct?
It was explained to me here that I need to do an inverse z-transform on a z-based equation in order to get something I can use. That example was quite simple. But I'm not sure how to do the same ...
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2answers
77 views
What does z^(-1) represent here?
I understand that when you have a Laplace function, you can do a bilinear or forward/backward Euler substitution for $s$ to phrase it in terms of $z^{-1}$. In a typical filter, $z^{-1}$ represents the ...
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2answers
39 views
Period of a continuous signal
So I have
$$x_1=2 \cos(.6\sqrt\pi x+\pi/6)$$ and $$x_2= \sin(1.2\sqrt\pi x-\pi/3)$$ and need to find the period of $(x_1+x_2)^2$.
Let $$a=.6\sqrt\pi x+\pi/6 ~~~\text{and} ~~~ b=1.2\sqrt\pi x-\pi/3$$ ...
1
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2answers
63 views
Even and odd signals
We've studied in signal and systems about odd and even signals. But what is the actual implementation or application of this property?
like for energy and power signals we know If you're using a ...
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1answer
55 views
When is a discrete time transfer function unrealizable?
I don't understand why the following makes sense:
Given a second-order mass damper system in continuous time:
$H(s) = \frac{1}{ms^{2}+cs}$
Its inverse $H^{-1}(s)$ is unrealizable as a transfer ...
2
votes
2answers
88 views
Pulse Doppler Radar: time delay in down conversion
My understanding of Pulse Doppler Radar is the system measures Time Of Flight for the pulse.
My confusion is that during the down conversion process prior to ADC the lowpass filter causes some time ...
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2answers
124 views
How do I find the convolution of the following signals? [closed]
$h(t)$ is the inputted to convolve the $x(t)$
The signal written in unit step are:
$x(t) = (5-t)u(t-3) - (5-t)u(t-5)$
$h(t) = 2u(t-1) - 2u(t-3)$
So to convolve I first change the function to:
$h(...
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votes
2answers
87 views
LTI system output given input and frequency response
The question I'm trying to understand is as follows: A linear time-invariant continuous-time system has the frequency response function $$H(\omega)=\frac{1}{j\omega+1} $$
Compute the output response $...
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0answers
18 views
Cross location Cross frequency coupling
Let's say there are 2 sensors recording data at some sampling rate. I'd like to know, how to calculate Cross frequency coupling (Phase amplitude coupling, for now) between these 2 channels ?
I have ...
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3answers
95 views
How is $\delta(at+b)=\frac{1}{|a|}\delta(t+b/a)$?
This result has been used in the second last line of the pic. I don't know why it's true. Both functions are zero for $t$ not equal to $-b/a$. But at $t=-b/a$, a scaling factor $1/|a|$ has been ...
0
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0answers
28 views
Using unlabeled EEG data for Machine Learning
I am working on a project that is basically a game for motor-paralyzed people.
It should take an EEG signal from FP1 channel of brain and then after processing it should generate command for the game ...
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1answer
39 views
Is $y(t) = \cos(t) + x(t)$ a time-invariant system?
Is $y(t) = \cos(t) + x(t)$ a time-invariant system?
$y(t-k) = \cos(t-k) + x(t-k)$
But it isn't equal to $\cos(t) + x(t-k)$
So, would it be time-invariant?
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0answers
19 views
Signal similarity analysis after cross correlation
I have a time series signal and using this as reference, from the main data set extracted possible matching sections using cross correlation technique.(xcorr matlab).Based on with the threshold xcorr ...
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1answer
43 views
Fourier Series representation of a signal
Use the defining equation for the Fourier Series coefficients to evaluate the Fourier Series representation of the following signal:
$$x(t)=\sum_{m=-\infty}^{+\infty}=(\delta(t-m/3)+\delta(t-2m/3))$$...
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2answers
160 views
What is the autocorrelation of a Dirac pulse?
What is the autocorrelation of $x(t) = \delta(t)$?
Can you explain to me how to calculate it?
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2answers
69 views
Matlab - Bode plot of Lag Filter + Integrator
I am rather new to Matlab and I just cant make sense of what I see in the bode plot of the continuous and discrete version of the same function. The bode plot of the continuous function looks as ...
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1answer
25 views
Bessel filters: linear passband phase characteristic only for low pass filters?
I've found a test (internet) from the contest to signal processing teacher and it has a question (true) or (false).
I cant find any book or paper to argue this statement. Is it really true?
2
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1answer
279 views
Initial Rest Condition for LCCDE causal LTI systems
I am self studying Alan Opennheim's course Signals and Systems. I am a math major and have no background in EE.
I understand that for a LCCDE system to be linear its auxiliary conditions must be 0.
...
2
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0answers
64 views
Fourier series representation of a full wave rectifier output
I am trying to compute the Fourier series representation of a full wave rectifier output.
The equation of the signal is:
$ x_8(t) = | \cos (2 \pi f_o t) $ |
I have tried to find the Fourier series ...
1
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1answer
39 views
Inverse Laplace Transform
A system given by $\frac{s-1}{(s+1)(s-2)}$ has to be inverse transformed so that it is anticausal and nonstable. The answer given is $h(t)=-\frac{1}{3}(2e^{-t}+e^{2t})u(-t)$
Why the minus sign at the ...
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1answer
33 views
Determining Stability of a continuous time system using Laplace Transform
I'm following Oppenheim's book. In exapmles, the laplace transforms of of the following signals
$e^{-t}u(t)$ and $e^{-t-1}u(t+1)$
is given as $\frac{s}{(s+1)}$ and $\frac{e^{-s}}{(s+1)}$ both ...
