Questions tagged [continuous-signals]
A continuous signal or a continuous-time signal is a varying quantity (a signal) whose domain, which is often time, is a continuum.
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1answer
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Is there an example of an infinite signal? [on hold]
In the real world, Is there an example of an infinite signal?
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1answer
24 views
Fourier Series Representation of Continuous-Time Periodic Signals [on hold]
As a novice in signal processing, I have been going through Signals & Systems by Oppenheim to try and understand how continuous time periodic signals are represented by Fourier series coefficients....
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0answers
22 views
Will power gets double if we convert a exponential Fourier series into polar form?if yes why it gets double [closed]
If we have a signal represented in exponential Fourier series then it's power will be x watts and if the same is converted to polar form it will give 2x watts?? Am I correct or not ??if I am correct ...
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0answers
29 views
How to filter a discrete waveform by having continuous domain poles and zeros
Let's consider we want to model a continuous time filter that has one zero at 30GH and two poles at 35GHz.
I also have a sampled waveform with sampling frequency of $f_s$, so the time interval ...
0
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1answer
32 views
What is the formula to convert from continuous-time transfer function to discrete-time TF and vice versa?
Let's say I have a continuous time transfer function which I know its numerator coefficients $(B^c = [b^c_m, ..., b^c_1, b^c_0])$ and denominator coefficients $(A^c = [a^c_m, ..., a^c_1, a^c_0])$. ...
1
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1answer
62 views
Can a Fourier Transform exist even if the j$\omega$ axis is not in the Region of Convergence in it's Laplace Transform
A couple of confusions have been occurred. The Signal I'm considering is f(t) = sin(t)*u(t)
Fourier Transform of it can be derived.
$-i \pi (\delta (\omega -1)-\delta (\omega +1))$
According to my ...
0
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2answers
35 views
Simple problem regarding rectangular pulse shifting
So i have the following rectangular pulse:
$$h(t)=\begin{cases}
1 & 0<t< T \\
0 & \text{otherwise}
\end{cases}$$
Now, i am supposed to create $h(T-t)$, and the ...
0
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1answer
38 views
Bandwidth of the Derivative of a Message [duplicate]
If I have a message signal $m(t)$ and it has a bandwidth $B$. I know that the bandwidth of $m^N(t)$ is $NB$. But what is the bandwidth of $\frac{d m(t)}{dt}$?
Thanks!
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1answer
50 views
Quite confused with Fourier Analysis results
So I'm meant to show how the DFT can find the frequencies, and respective amplitudes, associated to some data. And I have this data set from the curve
$$
f(t) = 1 + 2\cos(2\pi t) + 4\cos(4\pi t)
$$
...
2
votes
1answer
38 views
Given a plot of both the magnitude $|H(\omega)|$ and its angle, How can you find the $H(\omega)$?
I'm specifically trying to use an inverse Fourier Transform to find $h(t)$, but I'm finding it difficult to get $H(\omega)$ in the first place.
I'm under the impression from my textbook that $H(\...
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1answer
44 views
How to find the coefficients of the following differential equation
An arbitrary signal $v(t)$ pass through the following system,
$w'(t) + 5 w(t) = v'''(t) + 320v''(t) + 40 v' (t) + 40v(t)$
How to determine the coefficients of the following differential equation, ...
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1answer
36 views
How to do convolution in Fourier Series?
Two signals are given to me :
$$x(t)=\cos(4\pi t)$$
$$y(t)=\sin(4\pi t)$$
I have founded their coefficients as follows:
$$a_k = a_1=a_{-1}=\frac{1}{2} $$
$$b_k = b_1=b^*_{-1}=\frac{1}{2j}...
6
votes
7answers
387 views
Intuition behind commutativity of convolution in LTI systems
Why is convolution commutative, as it seems to treat two signals in a different way in an LTI system?
If you imagine $y[n] = x[n] \star h[n]$ with $x[n]$ being an input signal and $h[n]$ being the ...
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2answers
47 views
How will I draw the following signal?
I want to know that if I have any signal given how will I draw it according to the following equation
$$x(t-1)-1/2$$
what will be the role of $1/2$ when drawing the new signal?
2
votes
1answer
70 views
Does the Fourier series coefficient of AC components remains same if DC component is subtracted form the given signal?
Suppose a signal is defined by
$
x(t)= \begin{cases}
t & 0\leq t \leq 1 \\
2-t & 1\leq t\leq 2 \\
\end{cases}
$
Since $x(t)$ has even symmetry, I can calculate fourier coefficient as
$$
a_n = ...
0
votes
1answer
50 views
Energy of compressed signals
I have tried a code to compress a signal using Compressed Sensing(CS).
The input signal is $x$ and the compressed signal $y$ is given by :
$y=Φ*x$ where $Φ$ is the sensing matrix.
I have used ...
0
votes
0answers
27 views
Frequency Response of Discrete and Continuous time systems
Are the following two equations true for the frequency response of Discrete and Continuous Time systems respectively:
$$H(jw)= \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} h(\tau) e^{-jw\tau} d\tau $$
$$H(e^{jw})= \sum_{...
-2
votes
1answer
32 views
Frequency component not filtered properly
Are frequency components other than wanted signal present in the output? If yes then why does it not disturb the original signal? I think all practical filter responses are not ideal, so all frequency ...
0
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1answer
75 views
Linearity of the given system
I am given the following system and I am checking the additive property:
$$y(t)=x(e^t)$$
where $y(t)$ is the output and $x(t)$ is the input given to the system.
Now this is what I did so far:
\...
0
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0answers
37 views
bandwidth of a signal
I have a signal $s(t)$, the bandwith is $B$. I'm doing the fourier transform $S(\nu)$ and I'm adding zeros to the spectrum. I get a new signal $u(t)$
Is the bandwith of the signal $u(t)$ equal to ...
0
votes
1answer
29 views
Finding Harmonics Analytically
I've always obtained harmonics using simulation and never by hand.
My question is how can someone find the harmonics for a signal (say a square wave) by hand? What equations come in handy for finding ...
0
votes
1answer
38 views
How to calculate the power of a finite length signal?
I am confused with these concepts. If the signal is expressed as r(t), I know the power of the signal is given by:
But if the the length of signal T is finite and cannot approach infinity, how can I ...
1
vote
4answers
100 views
Difference Between Dirac delta and unit impulse function
The definition of Dirac delta function states that it gives a value of $\infty$ at t=0 and 0 elsewhere.
But, the definition of unit impulse function states that it gives a value of 1 at t=0 and 0 ...
0
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1answer
20 views
identify equilibrium region after large transient
I am looking at data from a mechanical system under an unsteady load. I'm trying to find the simplest way to identify the portion of the signal once the system reaches its new equilibrium. Here's a ...
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3answers
85 views
What is the magnitude of the impulse function at t=0?
The unit impulse function, in a few textbooks that I have referred, has a value of 0 at t≠0 , and an area of unity (1). The height of the impulse function also tends to infinity at t=0. But since it's ...
0
votes
1answer
82 views
Show that any continuous-time signal $x(t)$ can be represented as $x(t)= x_e(t) + x_o(t)$
Show that any continuous-time signal $x(t)$ can be represented as $x(t)= x_e(t) + x_o(t)$
where $x_e(t) =\frac{1}{2}[x(t) + x(-t)]$ and $x_o(t) = \frac{1}{2}
[x(t) − x(-t)]$
are even and odd ...
0
votes
0answers
13 views
Cut two signals from a correlated signal
I have the following situation, I did ACF auto correlation between temperature and strain. I got a shifted signal in temperature and I already shifted it.
Of course the shifted signal has shorter ...
0
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1answer
29 views
Negative exponential signal's energy and power
Earlier I have dealt with exponential functions multiplied with unit step function. But, energy and power of exponential function alone comes out to be infinite when I put limits of the integrals to ...
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1answer
50 views
Properties of Invertible System [closed]
I have come to the understanding that if these three properties hold true then the system is a memory system:
1) Time Scaling:
$$y(t)=x(2t)\,,$$
2) Time Shifting:
$$y(t)=x(t+2)\,,$$
3) ...
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0answers
30 views
How to select Input parameters of FIR band pass filter (narrow band e.g Alpha (8-12 Hz)). A basic question?
I have to filter eeg data (500 samples) offline using a FIR bandpass filter for alpha rhythms (8-12 Hz) providing the fixed order of filter (i-e., 128).
Can some one explain what should be the ...
1
vote
2answers
69 views
Adding/subtracting sinusoids
I'm trying to calculate resultant function from adding two sinusoids:
$9\sin(\omega t + \tfrac{\pi}{3})$ and $-7\sin(\omega t - \tfrac{3\pi}{8})$
The correct answer is $14.38\sin(\omega t + 1.444)$, ...
2
votes
1answer
83 views
Bridging CTFT and DTFT for a cosine
I'm trying to understand how I can start from the CTFT of a signal and end up with a DTFT.
For example if I take a basic example:
$$
x(t) = cos(\omega_x \cdot t) = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \left( e^{j\...
0
votes
1answer
18 views
Conversion of airflow signal into 1-D as a input for CNN [closed]
Trying to detect apnea from airflow signal. I have 100 files of the patient each file contains at least 8 hours of data and sampling rate is 32 Hz. How to prepare my dataset which is used as an input ...
1
vote
1answer
49 views
Separating two frequency component
How can we separate two frequency component when they get mixed means when signal get mixed with noise how receiver can judge which part is signal and which is noise ?
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3answers
121 views
Is $\arctan(t)$ an energy or power signal?
Is the function $\arctan(t)$ an energy or power signal?
I've tried working out the integrals for energy and power but I get stuck on both.
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1answer
67 views
How can I determine the order of filter?
This is my first study about signal analysing. I'm very confused about filter order. My problem is how can I know whether its 12-th order, or 2nd order like the book says so? I already knew that slope ...
0
votes
2answers
36 views
Reconciling Continuous and Discrete Complex Domains
Having taken some courses in Systems and Stability dealing mostly with continuous time signals, I am accustomed to thinking about the Laplace and Fourier transforms dealing with complex and pure ...
-3
votes
2answers
49 views
Is there a specific preferred order of operation on signals?
Basic Signal Operations Performed on dependent variables-- The periodicity of the signal is varied by modifying the horizontal axis values, while the amplitude or the strength remains constant. These ...
0
votes
1answer
32 views
PN code generation
Can we generate PN codes (maximal length sequence) using this technique in Matlab where L is the PN length?
pn=2*(rand(1,L)>0.5)-1
If yes, why?
0
votes
2answers
332 views
Understanding the frequency domain [duplicate]
I'm trying to understand what frequency domain is. I found general explanations on the Internet, for example:
frequency-domain graph shows how much of the signal lies within each given frequency band ...
1
vote
1answer
97 views
Determining sampling rate for signal reconstruction
I want to know how to determine the signal sampling rate required to reconstruct electrical signals whose frequency components are unknown, such as, for example, signals of charge/discharge voltage on ...
1
vote
0answers
19 views
Multiplicative Input-Dependent Noise [closed]
This question might not be exactly suitable to the question format of StackExchange but I couldn't find a better way to put it forward.
Lately, I have been dealing with ECG Signal processing and due ...
0
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2answers
76 views
How to convert a sound signal function to wave file? [closed]
I am new to understanding sound signals. A sound signal, as far as I know, is a real function of time $x:[0,\infty)\to \Bbb R$. For example, $x(t)=\sin(t)$ is a sinusoidal signal.
What is $x(t)$. For ...
0
votes
1answer
50 views
methods of crest factor minimization
i am studying the methodes CF minimization. and have a doubt.
in each methods there are steps with DFT and IDFT or like this FFT and IFFT.
Everyone provides the fact, that they use DFT and IDFT for ...
0
votes
1answer
46 views
Homodyne concept of receiver
I would like to understand a concept of homodyne architecture of I-Q demodulator and how the wave looks like at each step.
It is a bandpass Signal:
Step 1: multiplication with cos and sin wave. I ...
0
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0answers
29 views
How to calculate FFT when many samples are observed?
I was given a classwork(which I flunked) where a continuous time wave of the format below was given:
$x(t) = A\sin(\omega_1 t) + A\sin(\omega_2 t)$.
with different frequencies for $\omega_1$ and $\...
1
vote
2answers
47 views
Fourier series of $cos(\omega_0 t)$ in continuous time
Can any one please help me with understanding how we can calculate the Fourier series of Cos(w0t) using the formula:
I saw that they did the following calculus, but I Don't really understand how we ...
-1
votes
1answer
40 views
Converting Time Shift to Phase Shift
I have just started taking signal & systems lessons and here is my question:
If we say that x0(t) = A.cos(w0t). (a cosine signal with zero phase shift, w0 ...
0
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0answers
24 views
How does this digital signal controlling a switch in the circuit affect the output voltage?
Suppose you have a circuit which has the input signal $x(t)=2\sin (ω_ot + \pi/6)$. The switch in the circuit is controlled with a digital signal of the form: $s(t)=\sum_{k=-\infty}^{+\infty} (u(t+ε-...
0
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0answers
143 views
How to do cross correlation in real time?
I want to measure the signal similarities between two time domain signals a and b in real time. I do not know where to start. I think cross correlation might help but not sure how. Please guide me :-)
...
