Passband vs Baseband Bandwidth

Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in a continuous band of frequencies. A key characteristic of bandwidth is that any band of a given width can carry the same amount of information, regardless of where that band is located in the frequency spectrum.

So I understood bandwidth to be a measure of how much space it takes up in the frequency domain. Am I right in saying that because of symmetry about the Y axis, the same information is repeated for negative frequency values, this is why the "bandwidth" of the bandlimited signal given below is not $$2B = B - (-B)$$ but $$B$$.

1) Since the left is a mirror image of the right part only for real signals, if the signal was not real, can we still say bandwidth is $$B$$?

2) Why do we have two different definitions for passband and baseband bandwidth? Is there any other reason?

Passband bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower cutoff frequencies of, for example, a band-pass filter, a communication channel, or a signal spectrum. Baseband bandwidth applies to a low-pass filter or baseband signal; the bandwidth is equal to its upper cutoff frequency.

3) Am I right in understanding that in case of either type of signals, alias-free signal sampling is possible at $$2B$$ samples per second?

• you should check this out. there are restrictions, so your 3) isn't always correct. – robert bristow-johnson Dec 5 '18 at 7:17
• Thanks a lot, this seems to be exactly what I was looking for. I saw some places mention nyquist rate is twice maximum frequency, others say twice the bandwidth. Then I saw max - min frequency is bandwidth, but that's not the case for base band. Overall I felt confused. – Aditya Dec 5 '18 at 7:30

For complex signals, a reasonable definition of bandwidth should take into account that the negative frequencies are not redundant anymore. So a complex low pass signal extending from $$f=-B$$ to $$f=B$$ should have bandwidth $$2B$$.