# What are the units of Es/N0?

I want to make sure that my units are all correct. I've been using the formula

$$\frac{P_S}{P_N} = \frac{E_S}{N_0} \frac{R_S}{B}$$

The dimensions that I'm confident of are

• $P_S$, $P_N$ : Watts (Joules/sec)
• $N_0$ : Joules/(sec*Hz)
• $B$ : Hz

The last two are then (I think)

• $R_S$ : symbols/sec
• $E_S$ : Joules/symbol

If those are all correct, and given that

$$\frac{E_S}{N_0} = \frac{P_S}{P_N} \frac{B}{R_S}$$

it seems like the units of $\frac{E_S}{N_0}$ are

$$\frac{\text{Hz}}{\text{symbols/sec}} = \frac{1}{\text{symbol}}$$

I was under the impression that it should be dimensionless. Is this correct?

The "symbols per second" (or, more strictly, the baud) unit is a bit weird. It is really a unit that is used for human convenience and not for mathematical rigor. Just like "samples per second", bauds can be interpreted as hertz and still make sense, since they measure the "number of times something happens per second".

So, in your calculation, the units of $B/R_S$ are $\text{Hz}/\text{Hz}$, making it unitless.

I know this is somewhat unsatisfying (at least, it is to me), but this is the best explanation I can give.

(All your unit definitions at the top of the question are correct, BTW).

• That makes sense. So I guess $E_S$ is the energy in a given symbol, and the units of $E_S$ are just Joules (the power times the duration).
– Trey
Apr 9 '18 at 23:00
• Yes, you can think of it like that -- the unit "symbols" helps us keep track of what we're measuring.
– MBaz
Apr 10 '18 at 0:51