Design Filter Banks for every 100 Hz

Question

I need to study a wave file for every 100 Hz. However, I dont know how can I design filer for each 100 Hz. Let's say 0-100 Hz, 100-200 Hz, ... , ((fs/2)-100) _ (fs/2) Hz.

Is it any MATLAB code for it ? How many samples are needed for bandwidth of 100 Hz ? I maen how should calculate it ? Please guide me. Thanks.

Answer 1

A windowed FFT with a length that corresponds to 2/100ths of a second will give you overlapping filters each with roughly 100 Hz bandwidth. Just use every other FFT result bin if you want 100 Hz filter spacing. The window shape (Von Hann, Nutall, etc.) will allow some tuning of the filter shape, but the main passband lobe of a windowed FFT will be about twice the FFT bin spacing in width.

An unwindowed FFT creates filters with too much stop band ripple to usually be considered useful.

You can also zero-pad and/or use an FFT a higher integer multiple of 0.01S in length to get better control over the windowing (a proportionately wider or narrower Gaussian window, for instance) and the window's frequency response.

The number of samples needed will be the FFT length in samples, or the sample rate multiplied by the FFT's length in time.

Answer 2

I have assumed your sampling rate as 1KHz & designed the code. The minimum sampling frequency is the nyquist frequency ofcourse. That depends on your design input.

fs=1000; % sampling freq
fc=99/2; % cutoff freq for filter  
fc1=101/2; % cutoff freq for filter
LpfLength=96; % Number of Filter coefficients
NFFT=8192;
% Low Pass Filter
lpf=fir2(LpfLength-1,[0 fc fc1 fs/2]/(fs/2),[1 1 0 0]);
for n=1:LpfLength,
   lpf(1,n)=lpf(1,n)*complex(cos(2*pi*n*50/fs),sin(2*pi*n*50/fs)); 
end
for q=2:(fs/100)+1,
    for n=1:LpfLength,
        lpf(q,n)=lpf(q-1,n)*complex(cos(2*pi*n*100/fs),sin(2*pi*n*100/fs)); 
    end
end 

FFThn=fft(lpf(1,:),NFFT);    %enter any value between 1 & fs/100 in place of 1 for different bpf
magfhn=20*log10(abs(FFThn));    % Magnitude in dB

figure;
plot((0:NFFT-1)*fs/NFFT,magfhn); %Freq. plot of LPF
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
ylabel('Magnitude (dB)');
title('Low Pass Prototype Filter')
axis([0 fs -100 5]);

The variable lpf will hold different band pass filters in different rows. You can use those.