Calculate the magnitude and phase of a signal at a particular frequency in python

Question

I have a signal for which I need to calculate the magnitude and phase at 200 Hz frequency only. I would like to use Fourier transform for it. I am very new to signal processing. And this is my first time using a Fourier transform.

I found that I can use the scipy.fftpack.fft to calculate the FFT of the signal. Then use numpy.mag and numpyh.phase to calculate the magnitude and phases of the entire signal. But I would like to get the magnitude and phase value of the signal corresponding to 200 Hz frequency only. How can I do this using Python?

So far I have done.

from scipy.fftpack import fft
import numpy as np

fft_data = fft(signal)
magnitude = np.mag(fft_data)
phase = np.phase(fft_data)

Answer 1

You can find the index of the desired (or the closest one) frequency in the array of resulting frequency bins using np.fft.fftfreq function, then use np.abs and np.angle functions to get the magnitude and phase.

Here is an example using fft.fft function from numpy library for a synthetic signal.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Number of sample points
N = 1000

# Sample spacing
T = 1.0 / 800.0     # f = 800 Hz

# Create a signal
x = np.linspace(0.0, N*T, N)
t0 = np.pi/6   # non-zero phase of the second sine
y = np.sin(50.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x) + 0.5*np.sin(200.0 * 2.0*np.pi*x + t0)
yf = np.fft.fft(y) # to normalize use norm='ortho' as an additional argument

# Where is a 200 Hz frequency in the results?
freq = np.fft.fftfreq(x.size, d=T)
index, = np.where(np.isclose(freq, 200, atol=1/(T*N)))

# Get magnitude and phase
magnitude = np.abs(yf[index[0]])
phase = np.angle(yf[index[0]])
print("Magnitude:", magnitude, ", phase:", phase)

# Plot a spectrum 
plt.plot(freq[0:N//2], 2/N*np.abs(yf[0:N//2]), label='amplitude spectrum')   # in a conventional form
plt.plot(freq[0:N//2], np.angle(yf[0:N//2]), label='phase spectrum')
plt.legend()
plt.grid()
plt.show()

And here is a useful manual with detailed explanations: reference.