I personally would recommend this online book ( http://www.dspguide.com/pdfbook.htm ) by Steven W. Smith. It covers the basic math and also provides algorithms for several kinds of filters (e.g window sync
etc). You will find time domain
as well as frequency domain
algorithms there.
Implementing a simple FIR (finite impulse response) window sync filter using the code provided in this book is trivial. It also does a good job explaining the parameters needed for filter design (rolloftransition band rolloff, stopband attenuation, passband ripple
etc)