# Functional analysis for signal processing engineers

It seems that the most advanced pure mathematics course most EE engineers take is Fourier analysis, and after that it's basically 'applied' courses. There's probably a good reason for this, but I'm not sure what it is. Functional analysis seems like it pops up all the time in signal processing.

Would exploring functional analysis be worthwhile for an aspiring communications engineer?

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Most certainly! Roughly speaking, Applied Math is a super set of DSP, is a super set of COMMs. A lot of times you get hit over the head with results/reasons from functional analysis, but without knowing why/how it works. Especially for more cutting edge methods coming out now, (sparsity, compressive sensing, etc), understand functional analysis goes a long way. –  user4619 Jun 6 at 13:52
One of my teachers mentioned: You will never regret a math's course. So take my word for it, that it can only do good. –  tbirdal Jun 6 at 14:06
i would take it if i were you, especially for communications.. in fact, about 35 years ago, i did take 2 semesters of Functional analysis. each one of those signals you're trying to detect or pick is a point in a metric space, and you can define a distance metric between points. if it makes sense to add or subtract signals and there is a zero-element, then you have a "normed, linear space" and the distance from some element to the zero element is the norm of that element. if you can define an inner product, you gotta Hilbert space and more useful properties pop out. –  robert bristow-johnson Jun 7 at 2:48

It depends on what you want to do. At the graduate level, many electrical engineers in signal processing, communications and control have taken some functional analysis course, and courses based on A.V. Balakrishan's Applied Functional Analysis/ Luenberger's Optimization by Vector Space Methods or similar are pretty common as well as courses based on Naylor & Sell's Linear Operator Theory in Engineering and Science and a lesser extent Young's An Introduction to Hilbert Space (I have been told that undergraduates in EE at Rice use this for a bit - it is really an undergrad book). At some point though, the line between "mathematician" and "engineer" does get blurred. Its a useful course thing to know in some cases if you're an engineer whose doing research heavy in probability or control theory, especially.

That being said, those books differ considerably from whats typically offered in a math department (usually start with something like Rudin's Functional Analysis or Conway's A Course In Functional Analysis). In math department courses, you are dealing with operators to study properties of Hilbert/Banach spaces. In contrast, in engineering, we typically have the properties of the vector spaces (usually something nice like $L^p$) and want to study the properties of operators (such as minimizing some functional or something).

All in all though, for most people, if they have to ask the question, I'd say they should probably be looking for something else to take, especially if they tend to the more applied side of things.

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There are two questions here: Would studying functional analysis be useful and why don't more engineers study it.

First I will say there's definitely no harm in studying it and if you find it an interesting subject and are of a more mathematical bent its probably quite useful.

Now why don't most engineers study functional analysis. Well in short while its useful its not particularly necessary particularly if studied from a pure mathematics point of view. Mathematicians tend introduce lots unnecessary formalism and proofs that engineers (and anyone else) don't really need to be able to apply the principles.

If I compare how I was taught Fourier analysis (as a Physicist) to how Mathematicians where taught it I would not describe my course as a pure Maths course. It involved little to no formal proofs or theorems.

I suspect this is why all engineers study Fourier but few do more advanced Maths courses such as functional analysis. More advanced courses have less direct applications to engineering and require more mathematical formalism to teach properly but the key principles can still be picked up and applied without formal training where necessary.

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"No harm" given infinite time :) but if you were to weigh the usefulness against something like a course in computer vision, remote sensing or some other 'applied' course, would you still recommend it? –  Benjamin Lindqvist Jun 6 at 16:06